QUESTIONS:
- Assess the reasons why there were no major wars during the 1920s.
- How far can it be said that the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s and early 1930s, and what effects did this policy have on international relations?
- How did the fact that Russia was a Communist state affect international relations between 1920 and 1939?
William Reis
ReplyDeleteMs.Noce
IB History
11/17/13
1. Assess the reasons why there were no major wars during the 1920s
There were no major wars during the 1920s or you can say, after world war one, because nations involved in the war all came to an agreement of peace with their rivals. Some countries weren’t so happy with the negotiation, this made the international relations unorganized, but this was when the League of Nations came in to deal with this problem. Which they successfully resolved this problem but temporarily. Between the years of 1924 till 1929 there was a big enhancement with the international relations due to renovation in the political leadership it all started in France when Edoard Herriot and Arisitide Briand, Gustav Stresemann from Germany and James Ramsay MacDonald from Great Britain all came together as a power in order to keep their relationship stable. This improvement was called the “Dawes Plan” and the Americans helped improve the three nation’s relationship. The Dawes plan wasn’t the only plan, in 1925 came in the “Locarno Treaties” which fixed the situations of the western fronts in the Treaty of Versailles, with this happening, it suspiciously and unknown removed French off Germans “hit” list. After years, German had permission to join League of Nations, with this happening German was more controllable and easier to manage than before. Unfortunately this all ended after 1930 when international relation started entering into crisis.
2. How far can it be said that the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s and early 1930s, and what effects did this policy have on international relations?
The USA was seriously involved in the World War one, President Wilson was an important character at the peace conference with the other nations at the end of the war. USA’s goal was to preserve world peace and by preserving peace, USA would get them into policy of isolation meaning they wouldn’t join League of Nations regardless, but this decision wasn’t made by President Wilson, it was made by the republicans because when the war was over, the republicans took over the chair, they also had a suspicious feeling towards Europe which wasn’t good. Republicans thought the League of Nations was just a big mess that would just bring USA more problems to deal with internationally. On the other side Historians think the League of Nations failed eventually because USA never joined, they think if USA joined the league that US would help other nations negotiate better to have better outcomes between nations. Since USA was in the state of isolation, they kept focus on trading abroad with other nations and just investments to make the country bigger. With USA being in state of isolation, it did have some effects with international relation. One example that I think is the biggest one was the relation USA had with Great Britain, because Britain had an extreme debt of a little over than 12 billion dollars with a five cent interest. Britain thought that the Americans would simply delete this debt since America had an easy outcome at the end of the war by taking over the whole European exchange and they didn’t have much to deal with. This wasn’t the case, Harding and Coolidge claimed full payment regardless, after many years Britain eventually agreed to pay the full debts, but on the other side the interest would just decrease and decrease. With this going on, USA and Britain didn’t have the best relationship between them, but eventually they managed reform its relationship in 1930 at a conference.
3. How did the fact that Russia was a Communist state affect international relations between 1920 and 1939?
ReplyDeleteThe Russians became communist powered under the rule of Bolsheviks in 1917. Later on Bolsheviks attempted to expand the revolution further in Europe but mainly focusing on expanding on Germany. Late 1917, Russia attempts to turn the Germans into capitalist masters, Germans weren’t convinced until March 1919 when there was a conference which they called the Comintern. This conference was to bring together all the world wide communists (including Germany) under the leadership of Russia to show other nations all the advantages and all the organized attacks they would plan to have. Undercover agents traveled to nations in Europe to attempt to turn those selected nations under the communism. Russians expected that Europe would turn into Communists in a year. Countries like Britain, France, Japan Czechoslovakia and USA rejected the attempt and “half-heartedly” end the Bolsheviks communisms by disrupting the Russians in the civil war. So at the end, The Russians attempted to turn Europe and other part of countries into communist, they almost saw this as a world revolution when they predicted the future wrong which they thought Europe would turn into communist, but instead nations rejected the idea making nations wanting to destroy the Bolsheviks.
WORK CITED:
Reading packet 12
Victor Harris
ReplyDeleteI.B History 11
11/17/13
Ms.Noce
1.Asses the reasons why there were no major wars during the 1920s
-Reason why there were no major wars in the 1920s because of what the League of Nations was doing in that time period. What the League was stop any disputes that would start a war,so the League tried to prevent this anyway possible. In the 1920s the League stoped alot of international problems, and while handling this the League was "achieving valuable economic and social work". With this the League helped alot of refuges and former prisoners from war back home. Another reason there were no major wars in the 1920s because 1921 through 1929 through 1929 there were conferences and plans throughout to stop any problems that can occur and can happen. The Washington conference was to build a realtionship bewteen the USA and Japan, at this time was an success. The League of Nations trying to stop little things before it exploded is the reason why no majors war happened.
2.How far can it be said that the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s and early 1930s, and what effects did this policy have on international relations?
-Well the USA till 1921 through 1933 started to believe in this policy of isolation. It can be said she followed strictly because the USA never joined the League in anything and aslo tried to stay away from "politcal disputes with other states". The USA wanted no part of what was happening, on page 67 of packet 12 it said "no americans representives attented the Locorno conference". The americans isolation was strict, reasoning being she wanted to clear politcal problems. In the long run the USA started to pay for it. The effects the isolation had international were bad. The USA did overseas trade so there was a European threat, and aslo there were threats of Mexico trying to take over Americans oil. Going into the crisis of 1923, Americans agreed with Dawes and Young plan which didn't help the Germans pay for there financial issues. International it was quite confusing alot of debt and affairs happending because of the USA isolations. In 1931 the USA returned backed into there strict isolation.
3.How did the fact that Russia was a Communist state affect international relations between 1920 and 1939 ?
-Well what communist means "all private property". March of 1921 there was the Anglo-Russian trade treaty, and it was very important to Russia. In 1922 Lloyd George an British prime minster said "Bolsheviks should pay for the war debts". Russia didn't like that so they signed the treaty of Rapallo. British didn't like Russias communist at all. In 1924 through 1929, Russia and Britian realtionship were bad to make it worse Russia encouraged Indian to be indepence. About the 1930s Russia became to cool down,only for the reason because Germany was gaining power.
Work Citied:
Packet 11
Packet 12
William Portorreal
ReplyDeleteIB history
Ms. Noce
1. Assess the reasons why there were no major wars during the 1920s.
There were no major wars during the 1920s because there were lots of attempts made to make international relations better. One of the reasons why there were no major wars was because there had been a league of nations which had settled many disputed between countries in Europe and they had also tried solving any problems that were international. There had also been Washington conferences which were about how Japan had been growing in power and America and Japan tried improving their relationship between each other. China was also involved because Japan had been trying to gain power from china as well in order to make their navy stronger. There was a plan called the Dawes plan which had been successful, it was about how the USA had loaned Germany 800 million gold marks so they could pay all their debts off. Germany had paid for the French repairs and the German economy had begun to strengthen. As a result the international relations had begun to calm down. The Locarno treaty had been about different agreements and one of the main conflicts resolved was with France, Germany, and Belgium, they each had made a deal to respect each other’s land and if one had attacked the other, the one who was being attacked would have support from Italy and Britain.
2. How far can it be said that USA followed a policy of strict isolation of foreign affairs during the 1920s and early 1930s, and what effects did this policy have on international relations?
The USA had somewhat isolated from other countries because they didn’t want to be involved with any kind of international dispute. USA basically wanted peace with everyone so they avoided many things. For example USA never joined the League of Nations people the people of America didn’t want any more war so they tried their best to stay away from any European problems between any countries. The USA was governed by republicans who believed in the policy of isolation. Since America was deeply involved in oversea trade and investment with other countries they couldn’t completely stay isolated.
3. How did the fact that Russia was a communist state affect international relations between 1920 and 1939?
Russia as a communist state wanted the revolution to continue. They tried getting closer to Germany than Britain so they would easily convince Germany into making everyone their enemy. Russia was also getting France to fall into their plan so international disputes would worsen but had failed. The main objective for Russia was to get Europe into becoming a communist as a whole. Countries like Japan, USA, Czechoslovakia, Britain, and France didn’t accept any type of communism they wanted to destroy the Bolsheviks. Russia was in desperate need of trade and any type of investments.
Sources: packet 12
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteESSAY
ReplyDelete1. Assess the reasons there were no major wars during the 1920’s
There were no major wars after the war (the 1920’s era) because of two major reasons:
Number one (1), even though there was large unrest and discontent after the War; mainly due to the Versailles Treaty, there were many efforts to alleviate these problems. For example, the League of Nations successfully managed and resolved smaller conflicts that could have escalated into a larger war. After leaders were replaced, a great joint effort by France, Germany, and Britain resulted in the Dawes Plan; which aimed to come to ease Germany’s problems: France gave the Ruhr back to Germany, the reparations were set to whatever Germany could manage to pay until she had stabilized and the USA loaned 800 million marks to Germany. Another instance of efforts to mend relations were the Locarno Treaties, these treaties stabilized the situation regarding the western frontiers. Finally, Germany was able to join the League of Nations and have a say in the newly formed organization; this could have fixed the German resentment from being ignored and having no diplomatic vote after the War.
Number two (2), I infer that: Since the War drained resources and devastated countries, many countries were still too weak and required years to recover so as to fight a full-fledged war and manage to keep their economy stable. The few smaller countries that were not involved in the War were either too busy solving internal problems or if they indeed went to war with another small country (Greece and Yugoslavia for example), League of Nations intervention was very quick and effective to solve the matter at hand.
2. How far can it be said that the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920’s and early 1930’s, and what effects did this policy have on international relations?
The USA was focused on solving internal affairs and constructing their own nation instead of getting involved in European affairs during the time period. Even though the USA played a key role in driving back Germans during World War 1, and President Wilson’s proposal of his 14 points and the League of Nations was key in maintaining peace in Europe for a small amount of time; the USA, then ruled mainly by Republicans who were suspicious of Europe, refused to get further involved in the European situation (and the League of Nations) during the late 1910’s-30’s. It can then be said that the USA did follow an isolation policy. The effects of this on international relations (or lack, thereof) was that the League of Nations without support from the USA failed, relations with Britain were still maintained but were more severe than before; such as the USA demanding the war debt that Britain owed them.
3. How did the fact that Russia was a communist state affect international relations between 1920 and 1939?
ReplyDeleteThe Bolsheviks who ruled Russia attempted to spread Communism into Europe and the World, agents were sent into countries to spread the word of communism and to instigate revolutions. Russia began flooding Germany with their communist propaganda during the heat of the Russian Revolution to spread their ideas and the revolution into Europe. Powers were rather annoyed by Communists and decided to help the opposing faction of the “whites”. Eventually the communists in Russia came out as victors, yet communist revolutions in Germany and Austria failed. Russia was weakened by the war and decided to allow investment and trade with capitalists (Pretty much, the world). Britain was either friendly or hostile towards Russia depending on who was in power. During Labour governments, trade treaties and diplomatic recognition of the Soviet Union occurred, whereas under Conservative leaders; communists were hated and scorned, soviet related places were raided, trade treaties were cancelled and imports were embargoed.
The situation was different in Germany, the Germans and the Soviets had a very stable and friendly relationship, because the Bolsheviks urged to gain a capitalist ally and Germany wanted to exploit a relationship with the USSR. The Rapallo Treaty, for example, further joined the two nations together by cancelling reparations, Germany gained the USSR as a deterrent to western attacks, and the two nations cooperated to achieve their interests. When the Nazi Party began getting more power, the Soviets were getting suspicious and nervous; eventually when Hitler rose to power in 1933 he cut off the relationship with the Soviets when he agreed with Poland on a non-aggression pact.
France was angry at the Soviets for their sudden change from an ally to control Germany into a revolting intruder. The French aided the Whites in Russia to fight the Bolsheviks, and the Bolsheviks were not invited to Versailles after the war. In 1924, relationships with Russia were improved a bit with Herriot’s government yet the French were never happy about keeping relationships with Russians until the rise of the Nazis in Germany.
SOURCE
Packet #12
Dinia Clairveaux
ReplyDeleteMs. Noce
IB History
11/17/2013
International relations 1919-1933
1.) Assess the reasons why there were no major wars during the 1920s.
There weren't any major wars during the time period of the 1920s, because during this period the problems that were hazardous and on the rise were delite with by the leaders of the nations. The leaders worked to create solutions to the problems that were effective enough to keep the countries from turning mini conflicts into problematic wars. An example was the communist problem. This problem spread globally. there were many solutions created to put any ended to it, one was allowing police officers to invade communist headquarters and stop what plan that was developing.
2.) How far can it be said that USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s and early 1930s and what effects did this policy have on international relations.
It can be said as far as when united states were in their isolated state, when she went against enforcing the treaty of versailles and for not making any appearance to the signing of all of the other treaties that were developed during the peace negotiation process. And also to the fact that the united states did not join the league of nations when it was created. But not to the extent of avoiding getting involved in the economic problems that had presented itself in Europe. The US had insist on paying all of the debts that Europe had to pay for the first world war damages. Due to the treaties that were created by the league of nations. Which the US didn't agree upon because she was against the agreements made especially when they had made Germany pay all of the war damages. She thought that it should had been distributed from all the countries that were involved in the war.
3.)How did the fact that Russia was a communist state affect international relation between 1920 and 1939.
The Fact that Russia was a communist state affected the international relations was, because communism became a global issue that was going out of control. It begin creating many up wars in countries all around the world that the league couldn’t keep up with. Russia found a way to include Great Britain,France and Germany to help. Due to the community chain that russia had created many revolutions were on the up rise. An example was the communist revolution in Germany. Which ended badly, but didn't stop Russia there because the communist party was very strong an withe the league of nations not fully communicating with each other made it kind of easy for Russia and the communist party to gain supporters and increase.
Source
packet #12
Jalexis Ruiz
ReplyDeleteMs.Noce IB History
International Relations 1919-1933
1.Assess the reasons why there were no major wars during the 1920s.
The reason there was no major wars during the 1920s were because the Leagues would stop the wars. They wanted to prevent wars they wanted to have peace between the countries. The league evened help prisoners get to go back home. But another reason why there wasn’t any major wars was because there was conference’s to build up a connection with the different countries.
2.How far can it be said that the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s and early 1930s, and what effects did this policy have on international relations?
It can be far said that the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s and early 1930s because when she was sent to enforce against the treaties of versaille and showing up to the signing of the other treaties that was during the peace negotiation process. The US did not want to be part of the economic problems. She just wanted all the countries to pay for what they did not just germany when she made them pay for all their damage.
3.How did the fact that Russia was a Communist state affect international relations between 1920 and 1939?
The fact Russia was a Communist state affected on international relations between 1920s and 1939 was that Bolshevik had control of Russia and they wanted to attempt to spread “ communism” throughout Europe and the world. Russia also spreaded their ideas into europe.What they really wanted was to get closer to germany so that russia can have control and show other nations there advantage. But things got messed up and an example is when the us rejected the attempt. The nations didn’t like the idea so that made them want to destroy the Bolsheviks after.
Handout 12
Junior FanFan
ReplyDeleteMs.Noce
IB History
November 18, 2013
1. Assess the reasons why there were no major wars during the 1920s.
There were no major wars in 1920 to 1930 because there were many like support groups to help countries with their problems. there were 8 groups that supported countries. One group that was very helpful was the Washington conferences it was to help countries have a good relations. For example in packet 12 “ The purpose of these meetings was to try and improve relations between the USA and Japan”. Also most wars started over land and countries coming in and taking their land. so they came up with the locarno treaties. the locarno treaty says that Germany, France , and Belgium should respect each others frontiers which is basically saying don’t try and invade their land. the league of nations was their to help stop the little disagreements before they turned into a war or battle. these league helped stop wars during the 1920s.
2.How far can it be said that the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s and early 1930s, and what effects did this policy have on international relations?
The United States wanted to be isolated because they didn’t want to be in like the middle of disagreements and if it ended up to become a war they would have to choose a side to fight on. the United states also stayed away from signing the versailles treaty. They got involved into the economic problems that were happening in Europe. Unites states said that they would pay Europe back the money they had paid for the damages during world war 1. They did this because of a treaty that the league of nations wrote. They were focused on solving internal affairs and creating their own nation rather than getting involved with Europe's problems.
3.How did the fact that Russia was a Communist state affect international relations between 1920 and 1939?
Russia tried getting closer to Germany because if they got back into a war than Germany would have their back because of the treaty they made them sign saying that they started it and had to pay money for the damages. Also they were really angry for that so that might be a reason why Russia was close to them. Russia wanted to make Europe a Communist a whole not piece by piece.Japan,USA,Czechoslovakia didn’t want anything to do with communism they just wanted to fight with the Bolsheviks.
Word cited:
Packet 12
Ms.Noce
ReplyDeleteIB World History
International Relations
November, 18, 2013
1. Assess the reasons why there were no major wars during the 1920s.
-The reason why there no major wars during the 1920’s was because of the League of Nations. The leagues of nations had many peace settling goals during the 1920s, and also it solved many international disputes with other states. Also it was the end of World war one; I don’t think any of the countries wanted to start another outbreak of conflicts. The League of Nations had a covenant that the countries had to follow so it kind of put all of the conflicts behind the countries. Also there was other action that was happening during the 1920’s for example the Dawes Plan of 1924. This plan was named after Charles Dawes, the point of the plan was to regain Germanys Stability with the economy. So that’s why there were no major wars during the 1920’s.
2. How far can it be said that the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s and early 1930s, and what effects did this policy have on international relations?
-The United States went into isolation because it they didn’t partake in the covenant of the League of Nations. It showed because of its foreign policy during the twenties. There were many new restrictions on immigration and a lack of involvement in international organizations, like the League of Nations and the World Court that contributed to this nationalist time of America. It had many effects on international relations because many of the countries partake in the League of Nations, so it was hard for America to many international connections.
3. How did the fact that Russia was a Communist state affect international relations between 1920 and 1939?
-The reason why they had an effect on the international relations between the 1920’s and 1939 was because communism was a big problem worldwide also. It could create conflicts that could have contributed to another world war. Also the Russian tried to turn other countries or at least part of them into communist. That could have affected every other country that didn’t agree with communism.
Work Cited
Packet #12
Silja Cruz
ReplyDeleteIB History
Mr. Noce
1. Assess the reasons why there were no major wars during the 1920s?
After World War 2 the World, or at least big part of the Word was destroyed orhad economic problems because of the War . Germany for example, had to pay a lot of money back to the allies. Also, everything had to be planed new, the terretory changes had to be clear up and everything had to be settled. In my opinion, all the nations and countries were so busy in clearing up everything that happened during world war one, that they couldn't pay attention to another war. I also think, that they all were very focused to make and also mantain peace (the league of nations) because everyone was exhausted from so many years of war. They wanted it to end once and for all.
2. How far can it be said that the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s and early 1930s and what effects did this policy have on international relations?
The USA staied mostly out from the European politics but they had some things to clear up Japan and China. France and Britain got also involved to guaratee Chinas neutrality and to respect each other in the far east. Apart from that, the USA had not a lot to do with the policiy outside altough the Wall Street Crash developed into a world wide economic crisis.
The international affects of the USA having its own policy after Word War One was, that they did not really support anyone and so, the League of nations could not really happen without the support from the USA.
3. How did the fact that Russia was a Communist state affect international relations between 1920 and 1939?
Durind the Russain Revolution, the communist Russia wanted all eurpoe to became communist. Zinoviev, the chairman of the Comintern said 1919 ''in a year the whole of Eurpoe will be Communist''. Inter alia Britain, Czechoslovakia, the USA, France and Japan were not enthusiastic about that. That affected the international realations between Russia and Germany against the already mentioned Countries. Germany had a relativly good realation ship to Russia-
Sources: Packet 12
Dimas A. Amezquita
ReplyDeleteIB History
Ms. Noce
November 18, 2013
International Relations:1919-1933 Questions
1. Assess the reasons why were no major wars during the 1920s.
The major reason of why there were no major wars during the 1920s was the League of Nations. They were trying to stop any other dispute around the world that could start a war. The League of Nations was able to help many refuges and some former prisoners form the war to where they belong at home. Another reason was between 1921 and 1929 there were plans and a lot of conferences during those years to stop any situation that was occurring being stopped. For example, one conference that was called, the Washington conference that was able to create a relationship between Japan and the U.S. the League of Nations was a huge success on not preventing any major wars to happen during the 1920s.
2. How far can it be said that the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s and early 1930s, and what effects did this policy have on international relations?
In 1921 through 1933 the U.S. started to trust on the policy of isolation. Some could say that she strictly followed the policy of isolation because the U.S. never joined the League of Nations and they were not trying to get into any political conflict with other states. With the U.S. having a strict isolation, this was a reason that she to clear any political problems in the states. There were effects on the strict policy of isolation internationally, where U.S. were doing some trades in the overseas so there were no threats from Europe. Then there were threats of Mexico wanting to take over the U.S. oil. This led to the crisis of 1923, which U.S. agreed on the Dawes and Young plan that really did not help Germans pay financial issues. There were a lot of confusing affairs and debt that was happening during these situations because of the U.S. isolation.
3. How did the fact that Russia was a Communist state affect international relations between 1920 and 1939?
Russia became a communist country under the rule of Bolsheviks in 1917. Bolsheviks tried to expand the idea of communist to all of Europe but mainly focusing on Germany. There was a conference between all the communist countries including Germany that asked to allow Russia to go into other countries to spread the idea. Undercover agents would travel to other nations in order to turn those nations into communist nations. They failed to bring the ideas to major powers such as Britain, France and Czechoslovakia. After this attempt to turn nations under communist failed Russia was disliked by many other countries.
Work Cited:
Packet (#12)
Erick Volquez
ReplyDeleteIB History 11
11/18/2013
International Relations: 1919-1933
1. I believe there were no mayor wars during the 1920’s because during the 1920’s The League of Nations was hailed for their success in keeping peace internationally. The League of Nations made sure to stabilize any international issues so that a war wouldn’t break out and of course they didn’t want that since they were born from World War 1. Having this league meant safety, I cannot say that it was total safety but it was that kind of safety that any country can trust on when an issue came up. Having them there meant that any problems that rose up from the ground would be taken down by a talk, an agreement, a signature and Bam! The problem was solved. Of course some countries were not happy because sometimes the countries preferred to just make a whole fuzz about an issue with another but the League of Nation was there to make relationships work between them, to “put the heat down on the boiling water”. As a result of them intervening into the issues, the League Of nation was recognized and that’s why it was said that there were no mayor wars during the 1920’s.
2. As we know the United States wasn’t part of the League of Nations so they weren’t part of their glory during the 1920’s. It is weird to say that the 14 points were basically like the formula to create the League of Nations but United States didn’t take part in this league making them weak as years passed. After this the United States decided to conduct a series of restriction policies for foreign affairs, the trading market started to seem a bit “American-less”. American doing this meant that there were no exports from any type of countries into the United States which of course affected the countries that wanted to trade but since there was a restriction, they found somewhere else to trade. As for America, the economy dropped because they had to import and export themselves to survive because it meant nothing to them to trade with others internationally. This affected the United States Internationally because the countries that already traded with the United States would demand an explanation and wonder why they decided to close their trading doors. This would affect the U.S because they would feel offended and move on. Of course the United States seemed to have a good image in the trading market so those countries that held back but then after deciding to actually trade with the United States wasn’t a axes they would have. This gave a bad image and those countries just traded with some other international business country.
3. During the Time period that the League of Nations started to form, countries like the United States among others weren’t included. Among these non-included were Germany and Russia who was a communist country. Russia started to suffer international business trades decency because simply, they gave off a bad image. Germany was already not even thought of since they were the cause of WW1 but Russia did participate as part of the Allies so not being eligible to enter the League of Nations was sad. By the countries knowing that Russia was communist, they decided to close doors just like the United States. This affected Russia but just lead her to do something several years later after the 1930’s. The Nazi Germany made an alliance with Communist Russia because of these countries actions of closing international trading business.
Work Cited:
" International Relations 1919-39." International Relations 1919. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2013.
Packet #12
Germairy Roman
ReplyDeleteMs. Noce
IB History 11
11/18/13
International Relations: 1919-1933
1. Assess the reasons why there were no major wars during the 1920s.
There were no major wars during the 1920s partly because of the League of Nations and also because there were nations that wanted to resolve their problems. In addition, towards the end of 1929 the world was beginning to run into economic issues. Economic issues caused international relations to halt and come apart. WWI was the most recent war before the hiatus of wars in the 1920s. After WWI the League of Nations was created to make peace between nations and prevent wars from happening. The League of Nations wasn't entirely successful but it did lead to states signing agreements even if they did it independently without the league. During the 1920s countries were trying to improve their relations and that was a major reason of why there weren't major wars during the 1920s. For example, the purpose of The Washington Confrences (1921-1922) was to improve relations between the USA and Japan. The 1920s was mostly comprised of peace making and the improvement of international relations.
2. How far can it be said that the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s and early 1930s, and what effects did this policy have on international relations?
USA was heavily involved in WWI and played a big part in it and she felt she didn't want anything to do with Europe. America became weary of war and she didn't want to get involved with Europe. A large amount of the American population was made of people that came from Europe to get away from her. The Republican party was so against being apart of anything Europe was apart of that the US Senate voted to reject both the Versailles peace settlement and the League of Nations. The USA was ruled by Republican government from1921 until early 1933 and the government believed in a policy of isolation which means she never joined the League and tried avoiding political disputes with other states and treaty signings. This policy effected the League of Nations which people believe failed because the USA wasn't involved and also the USA couldn't avoid being involved with world affairs because of overseas trade, investments and the thorny problem of European war debts and reparations.
3. How did the fact that Russia was a Communist state affect international relations between 1920 and 1939?
Russia became a communist state after being under Bolshevik rule. At first Britain wanted to overthrow the communists but failed. Lloyd George who was the British prime minister from 1916 until 1922 and he was thinking of reconciling with the communists. The relation between the communists and British was ambivalent. In 1924 recognition was given to the communists and also they signed a trade treaty as well as gave Russia a loan. During 1924-1929 the relations between Russia and Britain got worse and they had no sympathy for the communists.
Works Cited - Packet 12
Dianna Colon
ReplyDeleteIB History 11
Ms.Noce
November 18, 2013
1. Assess the reasons why there were no major wars during the 1920s.
- There were many reasons why there were no major wars during the 1920s. One of the major reasons was the international relations being divided into two distinct phases. The first phase is divided into three groups, which are: 1919-1923, 1923-1929, and 1930-1933. During 1919-1923 relations were disturbed by problems being caused due to the peace settlement while the newborn League of Nations struggled to sort things out. France, Germany, and Britain all were keen to improve relations. In 1924, the Dawes Plan eased the situation regarding German reparations. In 1925, the Locarno Treaties guaranteed the frontiers in Western Europe fixed at Versailles. In 1926, Germany was allowed to join the League. In 1929, the Young Plan reduced German reparations to a more manageable figure, which all seemed to set fair for a peaceful future. Towards the end of 1929 the world began to run into economic difficulties. To improve international relations they attempted the League of Nations, which settled a number of international disputes and problems, The Washing Conferences, which improved relations between the USA and Japan, The Genoa Conference, which would solve the pressing problems of Franco-German hostility, The Dawes Plan, which was an attempt to break the general deadlock, The Locarno Treaties, which were a number of agreements involving Germany, France, Britain, Italy, Belgium, Poland, and Czechoslovakia, The Kellogg-Briand Pact, which proposed that France and the USA should sign a pact renouncing war, The Young Plan, which had a aim to settle the remaining problem of reparations, and The World Disarmament Conference, which would work out a formula for scaling down armaments. In 1919-1933, France tried dealing with the problem of Germany by trying to keep Germany week, a network of alliances and a strong league, a compromise and reconciliation, and a tougher attitude towards Germany. These are some of the reasons why there were no major wars and how nations fixed their problems.
2. How far can it be said that the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s and early 1930s, and what effects did this policy have on international relations?
- The USA followed a policy of strict isolation from 1921-1933. She never joined the League and tried to avoid political disputes with other states and the signing of treaties. The effects that the policy had on international relations were: a serious dispute with Mexico, which threatened to seize American-owned oil wells, Allied war debts to the USA caused much ill-feeling, Americans had to change their attitude faced with the German financial crisis of 1923. The relations with Britain were uneasy because of the Conservatives resented the limitations on British naval expansion, which was imposed by the earlier Washington agreement. The USA then returned to a policy of strict isolation when the Japanese invaded Manchuria in 1931.
3. How did the fact that Russia was a communist state affect international relation between 1920 and 1939?
- After Bolsheviks came to power in Russia, in November 1917, the relations between the new government and the western countries deteriorated to the point of open war. The cause of this was that Bolsheviks tried to spread the revolution further. One of the Russian Bolshevik leaders went secretly to Berlin to plan the revolution and other agents did the same in other countries. Zinoviev, the chairman of the Comintern, predicted that in a year the whole of Europe would be Communist. Britain, France, the USA, Czechoslovakia, and Japan wanted to destroy the Bolsheviks by intervening in the Russian civil war. The Russians were not invited to the Versailles conference in 1919.
Sources:
- Handout #12
Mu Ying Yu
ReplyDeleteIB World History 11
Ms. Noce
November 17, 2013
International Relations: 1919-1933
1. Assess the reasons why there were no major wars during the 1920s.
• There were no major wars during the 1920s because each country is having problems with other countries that needed to solve and also the League of Nations. The purpose of the League of Nations is to promote peace to all countries, which is to stop wars. After World War I, the League of Nations had solving many disputes and problems between countries, and in a way of preventing all the wars. Because many countries need to paid for the damage fee, they do all they can to leave the conflicts behind. Countries had problems with other countries, for example, The Genoa Conference in 1922. British wanted to help solve the problems between France and Germany, on the other had debt of the European wars and wanted to resume diplomatic relations with Soviet Russia. Sadly, the conference fail that all countries refuse the proposals and some of them don’t even want to attend.
2. How far can it be said that the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s and early 1930s, and what effects did this policy have on international relations?
• The USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs because they don’t want join the League, prevent political disputes and signing treaties. But there is some involvements like the European war debts and reparations that cannot be avoid. America want to be clear with Europe with political conflicts and most likely getting themselves out of the world in general. The effects this policy had on international relations are find it difficult for American to had relations/ trade with other countries and so America is being left out.
3. How did the fact that Russia was a Communist state affect international relations between 1920 and 1939?
• In March 1919, the Third International or Comintern purposely brings the world’s communist under Russia and they learn how to compose strikes and uprisings. They are tried to turn the whole Europe into communist. During that time, Karl Radek was the Russian Bolshevik leaders, went secretly to plan revolution and while other agents did the same things. Other countries wanted to destroy Bolsheviks by involving Russian civil war to help the Whites. At last, Russia was not invited to the Versailles Conference in 1919. The countries intervene Russia fail; communist fail in Germany and Hungary; and Russia is tired of all of these. From this point, Russia was a communist state effect international relations between 1920 and 1939 by spreading communist around the world and open communication to be reestablish.
Source:
• packet #12
Jerilys Santiago
ReplyDeleteIB World History
Ms.Noce
International Relations
November 18,2013
#1) Assess the reasons why there were no major wars during the 1920.
- The reason why there were no major wars during the 1920s is that they were many attempts to improve international relations. They all were not completely successful but they did help out. The attempts were: a league of nations, conferences in Washington, a plan called Dawes, and treaties in which we refer to as "The Locarno Treaties." The League of Nations contributed in helping out to keep peace during the 1920s by handling international disagreements. The Washington Conferences were meetings that tried to improve relations between USA and Japan. The Dawes Plan also helped out because Germany's economy began to recover due to the plan and international tensions were beginning to relax. The Locarno Treaties involved many different agreements between countries but the most important agreement was that Germany, France and Belgium officially agreed to respect each other's joint frontiers. In conclusion, these attempts were a big help in maintaining peace during the 1920s.
#2) How far can it be said that the USA followed a strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s and 1930s, and what effects did this policy have on international relations?
- The USA did follow a strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s. This happened because American people were fed up of war and they were suspicious of Europe. During the years of 1921 until the beginning of 1933, the USA was ruled by Republican government and Republicans were against any type of involvement in European affairs. This policy had a big effect on international relations because the USA never joined any kind of international relationships; for example, the League Of Nations. Today, many historians blame Americans for the failure of the league because of the strict isolation in foreign affairs.
#3) How did the fact that Russia was a communist state affect international relations between 1920 and 1939?
- The fact that Russia was a communist state affected international relations between 1920 and 1939, had a lot to do with France and Germany. It all started during the First World War, when France and Russia allied against Germany. As soon as the First World War ended, the French had suffered a lot from Germany, due to their invasions. France wanted to make sure that Germany stopped invading them. France tried to keep Germany weak, tried to demand Germany to pay reparations and even tried to force them to pay, but nothing worked. What France needed was a renewal of the old alliance with Russia, since it worked out pretty well during the war. But, since Russia was a communist state, France still struggled to keep Germany from invading them therefore, international relations were affected.
Work cited:
- packet #12
1. Assess the reasons why there were no major wars during the 1920s.
ReplyDelete- One of the reasons why there were no major wars during the 1920s was because the League of Nations was actually doing good in keeping peace and settling a large number disputes. But many states preferred to do signing agreements without the League being involved.
2. How far can it be said that the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s and early 1930s, and what effects did this policy have on international relations?
- I would say that America tried their best to be as isolated as possible from the Europeans. Considering that America was mostly European people trying to escape from Europe’s government, they all voted against the Treaty of Versailles and League of nations. Through 1921 to early 1933 the U.S government was ran by Republicans and they were all for the policy of isolation.
3. How did the fact that Russia was a communist state affect international relations between 1920 and 1939?
- It affected international relations because Russia was a communist state and Europe was trying to get rid of all their Communist states. Also Russia was trying to push their revolution onto other states such as Germany. In a attempt for Germany to turn their masses against capitalist masters, they called all communist parties from all over the world to a Comintern. Their aims during this meeting were to get all the worlds communist parties under Russian control. But eventually the plan started to fail and countries that admitted to interfering with the plan withdrawn their troops. They failed in Germany and Hungary.
Samantha Foster
ReplyDeleteIB History
Ms. Noce
11-18-13
International Relations: 1919-1933
1.Assess the reasons why there were no major wars during the 1920s.
There was no outbreak of war in the 1920s because so much effort was put in to prevent a war from happening by improving relations between countries. The League of Nations was one of these efforts as it tried to work out international conflicts. The Washington Conferences were also established to better the relations between the U.S and Japan. Other efforts were made such as The Dawes Plan which helped Germany with its financial troubles. It also assured that France would withdraw her troops from the Ruhr. The Locarno Treaties were agreements made between Germany, France, Britain, Italy, Belgium, Poland, and Czechoslovakia. Among these agreements, the most important one had stated that Germany, France, and Belgium would promise to respect each other’s frontiers. All these efforts had eased international tensions which made the possibility of a war less likely to happen.
2.How far can it be said that the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s and early 1930s, and what effects did this policy have on international relations?
Even though the U.S. had wanted complete isolation, she still found herself involved in world affairs. The policy of strict isolation wasn’t completely followed. The U.S. was still involved with the world due to overseas trade and European war debts and reparations. Not only that but in the 1920’s, America attempted to boost their trade and profits by investing abroad in places like Europe, Canada, and Central and South America. Out of concern, the Washington Conferences were called by President Harding in order to deal with Japanese power in the East. America had also given loans to Britain and her allies which totaled to 12 billion dollars at 5 percent interest. The Europeans were reluctant at first and wished for the U.S. to cancel the debts. Eventually the Europeans gave in with Britain being the first to agree to pay the full amount. This policy had effected relations between the U.S. and Great Britain because Britain had disliked the restrictions on British naval expansion that was forced on them by the Washington agreement.
3.How did the fact that Russia was a Communist state affect international relations between 1920 and 1939?
The Fact that Russia was a communist stated had affected international relations because Russia had wanted to spread the idea of communism all over Europe. Germany was a main target as Russia wanted to turn Germany against its capitalist masters. Countries such as Britain, France, the U.S, Japan, and Czechoslovakia did not take too kindly to the idea of communism and even wanted to intervene in the Russian civil war in order to put a stop to the Bolsheviks who came into power November 1917.
Works Cited:
Handout 12
Miladys Florentino
ReplyDeleteWorld History 11
Ms Noce
QUESTIONS:
1. Assess the reasons why there were no major wars during the 1920s.
- During the 1920s there weren’t no major wars due to the League of Nations wanting to maintain world peace and prevent any altercations between countries. Members from the League of Nations gathered to discuss conflicts which affects countries and also discuss how they are able to resolve the matter. Due to the conferences, many countries were able to hold peace and not create a big problem within other countries. As well as many treaties being signed after World War 1, which gave each country that signed a consequence if anything was to be attempted that would intervene with the peace, such as Germany having to pay a huge amount of money due to the damages they’ve caused during World War 1.
2. How far can it be said that the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s and early 1930s, and what effects did this policy have on international relations?
- United States followed a very strict policy of isolation which involved foreign affairs during the 1920s and early 1930s. The USA never joined the League of Nations, they didn't want to be apart of any foreign conflicts which involved world wide altercations within the same countries. As well as, trying to have an acceptable relationships with other countries because they might need them in the future. Due to the USA having to follow a strict policy towards not intervening on foreign conflicts, regardless of tugs it was still difficult to prevent any relations with other countries since they're were debts that had to be paid due to damages. They were trying very hard to stay away from political problems.
3. How did the fact that Russia was a Communist state affect international relations between 1920 and 1939?
- Due to Russia being a communist state affected the international relations between 1920 and 1939 when Bolsheviks became their ruler. Many countries wanted to go agaisnt isn't others, such as betrayal which will cause those international conflicts to get our of control. Russia believed if they got other countries to be communist, everything will go well but that wasn't as planned since countries like the USA, Japan, Britain, France and Czechoslovakia refused to become a communist. Therefore, Russia was its own communist and didn't have any relations with other countries since no other country wanted to be become a communist.
Source:
Packet #12
Madelis Mejia
ReplyDeleteMs.Noce
IB History
11/18/13
1) Asses the reasons why there were no major wars during 1920s
The League of Nations tried so hard just to keep peace. They had so many treaties and compromises. My first example is the Washington Conferences (1921-2) the whole point for this meeting was to create a peace between USA and Japan. The tension between these two countries is that the USA was "growing power in the Far East of Japan." (Handout 12) The peace that was made with this problem was: Japan would have access to 3/5 of the American and British naives. Another peace this meeting came up with was Japan would give away Kiaochow. For doing so Japan got to keep German Pacific islands. The western powers agreed not to build any naval bases around Japan. Japan, USA, France and Britain all agreed to let China be its own country. All these agreements kept the peace between theses countries. Another example for how the League of Nations prevented any major wars during 1920s is the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928). The peace that was made here was Frank B. Kellogg, American Secretary of State, tried to make all of the states sign a paper that said they will renounce war. Only 65 states signed. This was originally Briand's idea but he didn't follow through with it. Of course, later on the pact was broken but at least it kept peace for a good 3-4 years. This is why there were no major wars during the 1920s.
2) How far can it be said that the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s and early 1930s, and what affects did this policy have on international relations?
I believe that it can be said that the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s to some extent. I believe this because at first USA wanted no problems with any country. They just wanted to be on their own. But for some reason later on the USA had drama with other countries. For example, during 1920s the US and Britain had it rough. They had it rough because Britain did not pay their war debts to the USA and because "the conservatives resented the limitations on British naval expansion imposed by the earlier Washington agreement." (Handout 12) Of course, the USA had to get into a dispute with Britain because they need their money back. If you borrowed money you HAVE to give it back. As a result, - this is where the Washington conference came in- the USA and Britain became friends because Britain paid off their debt and resolved any problems between the USA and them. Although, the USA's intentions were to have peace with put having any problems they still had problems with Britain in order to make peace. This is how they can be said that the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affair to some extent. An affect that this policy have on international relations is that if the USA follow this policy they will be in peace! They will be in peace because they are away from all the drama and have no wars with any countries. This is an affect that the USA might have.
3) How did that fact that Russia a communist state international relations between 1920 and 1939?
In 1917 the Bolsheviks decided to stretch the revolution in Germany. Russia tries to turn Germany into a capitalist but Germany said rejected Russia's offer. In 1919, there was a big conference called the Comintern conference. This conference brought all of Europe together so Russia could have leadership of all the countries and turn them into communists. Russia wanted to have leadership because they wanted to show all the countries all of their good ideas and attack plans. At the end of all this madness all of the countries rejected Russia's idea to turn all the countries into communists because they just didn't agree with how Russia wanted to run things
1. Assess the reasons why there were no major wars during the 1920s.
ReplyDeleteThere were no major wars during the 1920’s largely due to the League of Nations and the effects of World War 1, but there were many factors that contributed to the lack of major struggle in the decade following WWI. After the years extreme warfare, nearly every country involved stopped to catch their breath and recover from the damage done by the war. Germany, World War One’s most active aggressor was hit the hardest by the war itself and reparations following, so she was unable to create unrest in Europe with only 100,000 soldiers and a failing economy. Many of her former allies and enemies were similarly incapacitated and could only grumble of the unfairness of treaties and whine over land, but no real issues arose. Most that did, however, were reviewed by the League of Nations which gave a suggestion that generally resolved the issue at hand. The main reasons that there was little international conflict in the 1920’s was due to the negative aftereffects of the war and the involvement of the League of Nations.
2. How far can it be said that the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s and early 1930s, and what effects did this policy have on international relations?
While the US originally tried to maintain a period of strict isolation starting in the 1920’s, they soon began to slowly slip and involve themselves in increasing degrees in foreign affairs through the early 1930’s. In 1919, the US staunchly refused to join the League of Nations and was never a part of that enterprise even though the original draft for the League had been proposed by American President Wilson. Later, in 1922, the IS refused to send a representative to the international Genoa Conference which was planned to address the hostility between France and Germany. The United States slowly lost their resolve however, beginning just before the Genoa Conference at the Washington Conferences from 1921 on to the next year that they themselves hosted. America also played a somewhat minor role in the Dawes plan (1924), Kellogg brand pact (1928), and the Young Plan (1929). They did, however, not participate in the monumental World Disarmament Conference in 1932 through to 1933. While the US was certainly less involved than many other nations in the twenty years following WWI, their intentions for strict isolation were not well enacted as they did step in at all in the conferences and discussions in Europe.
3. How did the fact that Russia was a Communist state affect international relations between 1920 and 1939?
Russia wanted to spread her ideas of government as a communist state to the rest of the world, most specifically to Europe and especially Germany. Russia had seen Germany as cut from a similar cloth in the past and disliked the idea that she was being controlled by the European countries that Russia considered to be manipulative capitalists. The “Red Fever” arose in fear of Russia’s fierce propaganda of communism. A member of the international communist organization boasted that it would only take a year to turn all of Europe communist. This, however, was not the case, and for nearly ten years, Russia inadvertently solidified her image as a crazed, idealistic and overly severe country with a nosy and domineering government. France and Britain were also directly involved in this altercation of ideals, the former almost thoroughly revolted and offended almost to the point of war and policy while the latter fought inwardly over the conflicting methods of communism and capitalism. Eventually, Britain, after much fluctuation in her relationship with the USSR, placed an embargo on Russia to show her determined estrangement.
Sources Used:
"International Relations, 1919-33." War and International Relations. N.p.: n.p., n.d. 51-67. Print.
" The League of Nations." War and International Relations. N.p.: n.p., n.d. 43-50. Print.
Jack Roberts
Stephanie Santiago
ReplyDeleteNov. 29, 2013
IB History
Ms. Noce
International Relations 1919-1933
1. Assess the reasons why there were no major wars during the 1900s.
There were no major wars during the 1900s because Nations were trying to keep a peaceful environment within each other. They tried to figure ways to stay calm and collective with one another. They wanted to influence international relations and help out each other. They had several meetings and conferences with each other to negotiate ways of improvement and to face international agreements as a whole.
2. How far can it be said that the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s and early 1930s, and what effects did this policy have on international relations?
During the 1920s and 1930s the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs which caused a big dilemma involving money. The USA demanded Europe to pay a fortune for wars. Western countries found it fishy now Russia was ruled by another country. So they got together with Japan which appeared to be rivals with the civil war. Such states: Yugoslavia, Czechoslovak, Austria, Hungary and Poland were the outcome of the peace settlement and war. They each had their differences which caused isolation between them. Soon after they faced economic difficulties.
3. How did the fact that Russia was a Communist state affect international relations between 1920 and 1939?
Russia being a communist state affected international relations in a series. In 1922 they announced the Genoa conference which was intended to cause Europe and Russia to remain peace with one another. The conference didn’t go as planned so the Russians and Germans went away and signed an agreement in Rapallo.
Sources: Packet #12
Dianna Colon
ReplyDeleteIB History 11
Ms.Noce
December 1, 2013
(Revised)
1. Assess the reasons why there were no major wars during the 1920s.
- There were many reasons why there were no major wars during the 1920s. One of the major reasons was the international relations being divided into two distinct phases. The first phase is divided into three groups, which are: 1919-1923, 1923-1929, and 1930-1933. During 1919-1923 relations were disturbed by problems being caused due to the peace settlement while the newborn League of Nations struggled to sort things out. France, Germany, and Britain all were keen to improve relations. In 1924, the Dawes Plan eased the situation that concerned the damages caused by Germany. The Locarno Treaties assured the frontiers in Western Europe established at Versailles in 1925. In 1926, Germany was allowed to join the League. In 1929, the Young Plan reduced German reparations to a more manageable figure, which all seemed to set fair for a peaceful future. Towards the end of 1929 the world began to run into economic difficulties. To improve international relations they attempted the League, which resolved many of the problems that occurred and also many of the disputes, The Washing Conferences, which improved relations between the USA and Japan, The Genoa Conference, which would solve the pressing problems of Franco-German hostility, The Dawes Plan, which was an attempt to break the general deadlock, The Locarno Treaties, which were a number of agreements that involved: France, Belgium, Britain, Poland, Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Italy, The Kellogg-Briand Pact, recommended that France and the USA should sign an agreement that denied war, The Young Plan, which had a aim to resolve the problem of reparations, and The World Disarmament Conference, which would solve a rule for reducing armaments. In 1919-1933, France tried dealing with the problem of Germany by attempting to keep her weak, an organization of partnerships and a powerful league, a reconciliation and an agreement, and a stronger attitude against Germany. These are some of the reasons why there were no major wars and how nations fixed their problems.
2. How far can it be said that the USA followed a policy of strict isolation in foreign affairs during the 1920s and early 1930s, and what effects did this policy have on international relations?
- The USA followed a policy of strict isolation from 1921-1933. She never joined the League and tried to avoid political disputes with other states and the signing of treaties. The effects that the policy had on international relations were: a serious dispute with Mexico, which threatened to seize American-owned oil wells, Allied war debts to the USA caused much ill-feeling, Americans had to change their attitude faced with the German financial crisis of 1923. The relations with Britain were uneasy because of the Conservatives resented the limitations on British naval expansion, which was imposed by the earlier Washington agreement. The USA then returned to a policy of strict isolation when the Japanese invaded Manchuria in 1931.
3. How did the fact that Russia was a communist state affect international relation between 1920 and 1939?
- After Bolsheviks came to power in Russia, in November 1917, the relations between the new government and the western countries deteriorated to the point of open war. The cause of this was that Bolsheviks tried to spread the revolution further. One of the Russian Bolshevik leaders went secretly to Berlin to plan the revolution and other agents did the same in other countries. Zinoviev, the chairman of the Comintern, predicted that in a year the whole of Europe would be Communist. Britain, France, the USA, Czechoslovakia, and Japan wanted to destroy the Bolsheviks by intervening in the Russian civil war. The Russians were not invited to the Versailles conference in 1919.
Sources:
- Handout #12