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Please read the packet distributed to you in class. I am providing you with six questions AND four source-based questions that can be found on the last page of your packet. Do not pay attention to the "marks" at the back of the package at this time - it is an IB scoring system for internal assessments.
- How did diplomacy work in the era of self-interest?
- How were the United Kingdom and France exposed as military weak?
- How were strong pacifist movements in Western countries make it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest?
- Why were Germany and Japan encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory?
- Why did Mussolini ally with Hitler?
- Why was a strategic problem created for the British in the Mediterranean?
Source-based questions
- According to Source D, what were the issues before the League of Nations Assembly? What message is conveyed by Source E?
- Compare and contrast the views expressed in Sources A and B about the relations of their countries with the League of Nations.
- With reference to their origin and purpose, assess the value and limitations of Sources C and D for historians studying the treatment of the Abyssinian crisis by the League of Nations.
- Using the sources and your own knowledge analyse the statement made in Source C that the Abyssinian crisis was a task imposed upon the League of Nations "that it was impossible to fulfill."
Stephanie Santiago
ReplyDeleteNov. 29, 2013
IB History
Ms. Noce
Depression & Threats to International Peace & Collective Security 1931-3 Abyssinia 1935-6
1. How did diplomacy work in the era of self-interest?
-Diplomacy was a negative outcome in the era of self-interest. It had its reasons why it was so negative. It had caused horrible conflicts with nations. It faced many obstacles with countries trying to find peace with each other. Countries were all going against each other instead of joining together to make peace.
2. How were the United Kingdom and France exposed as military weak?
-The United Kingdom was exposed as a weak military because they weren’t financially prepared and because of the Turmoil that occurred in the East of Europe. It had terribly impacted the United Kingdom economically; they had suffered with war-debts and money issues involving the government. They were not able to trade or exchange with other nations at all. France was viewed as a weak military because they tried to respect the league by having their back with the Versailles agreement. Furthermore on the Manchurian Crisis, they had betrayed France so that Hitler could successful take control.
3. How were strong pacifist movements in Western countries make it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest?
-Strong pacifist movements in western countries made it difficult to develop interest and collective security because they were actively influenced that wars should happen in self-defense to protect their country but not necessarily harm each other in a terribly bad way.
4. Why were Germany and Japan encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory?
-Germany and Japan were encouraged to expand their territories because they weren’t as fortunate and powerful as other countries. They didn’t have the appropriate resources to successfully survive. They needed help to protect their countries appropriately.
5. Why did Mussolini ally with Hitler?
-Mussolini allied with Hitler because they both had similar beliefs and interests. They both wanted better for their country and wanted to become more powerful. They thought that if they got together they would make it possible to make it happen.
6. Why was a strategic problem created for the British in the Mediterranean?
-A strategic problem was created for the British in the Mediterranean because Mussolini wanted equality for the British in Africa and the East Mediterranean.
Source-Based Questions
ReplyDelete1. According to Source D, what were the issues before the League of Nations Assembly? What message is conveyed by Source E?
-The issues before the League of Nations were to respect each country’s independence so that each nation can be equal and allowed to do as they pleased. They message conveyed by Source E was the Emperor Haile Selassie speaking about the league of Nations and a terribly negative conflict between Italy and Ethiopia.
2. Compare and Contrast the views expressed in Sources A and B about the relations of their countries with the League of Nations.
-Source A and B both are talking about the relations of their countries with the League of Nations as part of the covenant and being as powerful and committed as possible. They also mention how they’ll be well prepared to take action. They are willing to negotiate with each other to create a powerful nation.
3. With reference to their origin and purpose assess the value and limitations of Source C and D for historians studying the treatment of the Abyssinian Crisis by the League of Nations.
-The values and limits of the Abyssinian crisis by the League of Nations are the significance of aggression and how negatively it was. Also about the misunderstanding that weren’t taken into consideration for peace and independence between states.
4. Using the sources and your own knowledge analyse the statement made in Source C that the Abyssinian crisis was a task imposed upon the League of Nations “that it was impossible to fulfill”.
-The Abyssinian crisis was a task imposed upon the League of Nations “That it was impossible to fulfill” because if they were willing to become successful and didn’t have a steady plan then everything was going to turn negative and unsuccessful.
Sources: Packet #14
William Reis
ReplyDeleteMs.Noce
IB History
11/30/13
1. How did diplomacy work in the era of self-interest?
Diplomacy suprisingly still managed to work in the era of self-interest but not in a positive way because countries would only manage to involve their selves in fudamental problems so for this reason Diplomacy wasn’t very helpful in terms of self interest for countries.
2. How were the United Kingdom and France exposed as military weak?
United Kingdom and France were being exposed as weak military power because due to the Great Depression caused both nation’s military to spend very less money on equipment so therefore militaries had little amount of equipment which had an outcome for small amount of soldiers.
3. How were strong pacifist movements in Western countries make it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest?
The Pacifist movement in the Western countrie were mainly hosted by the United Kingdom and these people had a really deep belief in the League of Nations or that war would only happen for self defence terms
4. Why were Germany and Japan encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory?
Germany at this time were ruled by Hitler and Hitler thought to fix German’s economic crisis was to expand their land to increase their resources such as: oil and steel and to end the Treaty of Versailles, but at the same time Hitler was focusing on avoiding another war to happen so this was very complex to balance out. Japan on the other hands had a similar issue which was their goal to expand their resources becauase the population in Japan was increasing rapidly and this meant a increase in unemployement.
5. Why did Mussolini ally with Hitler?
Mussolini ally with Hitler because Hitler had very similar perspective as in expansion in territory and make his country powerful with resources, also because Mussolini tried to seek help from the United Kingdom and France which it did not work so Hitler was his only option.
6. Why was a strategic problem created for the British in the Mediterranean?
a strategic problem was created for the British in the Mediterranean because at that time the British naval was in a phase of catastrophe
Source-based questions
1.According to Source D, what were the issues before the League of Nations Assembly? What message is conveyed by Source E?
According to source D the issued that were listed before the Assembly was that Emperor Haile Selassie wished for equal decision, it could be for the smallest nation to the biggest and most powerful nations, she just wished for equality and this would generate respect between nations and this connects to the Source E because Selassie is criticizing Italy for disrespecting that equality wish which was Italy attacking Ethiopia using poisinous gas. This wasn’t fair because its almost imposible to compare Italy and Ethiopia’s power.
2. Compare and contrast the views expressed in Sources A and B about the relations of their countries with the League of Nations.
Both Source A and B talks about how Nations will cooperate with the League of Nation and work together as a whole to outcome negotiations to find a perfect decision that nations in between will be happy about.
3. With reference to their origin and purpose, assess the value and limitations of Sources C and D for historians studying the treatment of the Abyssinian crisis by the League of Nations.
According to sources C and D the Abyssinian crisis is a issue very complex to deal with and how the League it self is unable to do anything about it, so war was unable to not make it happen.
4. Using the sources and your own knowledge analyse the statement made in Source C that the Abyssinian crisis was a task imposed upon the League of Nations "that it was impossible to fulfill."
In my opinion i think that this stament talks about how the Abyssinian crisis was a task that the League of Nation was supposed to handle it and that no matter how much power the League had it still was no able to fulfill.
Work Cited:
Packet #14
Mu Ying Yu
ReplyDeleteIB World History 11
Ms. Noce
November 30, 2013
Depression and Threats to International Peace and Collective Security: 1931-3 Abyssinia 1935-6
1. How did diplomacy work in the era of self-interest?
Diplomacy is a managing skill of how to handle people and negotiations. Diplomacy works badly in the era of self-interest because they should make peace between countries. But instead of that, countries going against each other more and more conflicts start to come out and caused wars to start soon. And the progressive tried to make idealistic agreements encourage people to think of new form of international diplomacy to forget the selfish of the old diplomacy.
2. How were the United Kingdom and France exposed as military weak?
The United Kingdom exposed their military weak by their economic and turmoil. Turmoil weakened trade and world market happened in Russia and Eastern Europe. United Kingdom use to be an economic powerhouse but as the ww1 occurred it impact their economic; war-debts, government deficits, political and social turmoil. France exposed as military weak by the Manchurian crisis, it use to encourage Mussolini’s attack in Abyssinia, the Stresa Front agreement ended and help Hitler to conquest. And also go against the Versailles agreement but propriety with the League.
3. How were strong pacifist movements in Western countries make it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest?
Strong pacifist movements in Western countries were make it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest because they want to protect themselves self-defense without hurting other countries.
4. Why were Germany and Japan encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory?
Germany and japan were encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory because they are not strong and powerful enough to protect themselves and to other countries. Japan was facing starving and Germany had economic problems that use territorial expansion to maintain their resources.
5. Why did Mussolini ally with Hitler?
Mussolini allies with Hitler because they both had same goals, which is to make their country more powerful, strong and be better. So, they came together to make things possible and happen.
6. Why was a strategic problem created for the British in the Mediterranean?
A strategic problem was created for the British in the Mediterranean because Mussolini wanted to fulfill his “new Roman Empire” dream but also wanted British equal to Africa and Eastern Mediterranean.
Source-Based Questions
ReplyDelete1. According to Source D, what were the issues before the League of Nations Assembly? What message is conveyed by Source E?
The issues before the League of Nations Assembly were all countries should be equal, respect countries’ independence and had the right to do what they willing. The message conveyed by Source E is Emperor Haile Selassie announcing the League of Nations and aggression between Italy and Ethiopia.
2. Compare and contrast the views expressed in Sources A and B about the relations of their countries with the League of Nations.
Source A and B both had good relations between the League the Nations. They will prepared and devoted to the League and do what the League is expected. They will continuously cooperate and negotiated with other countries to build up their relationship to make their country more powerful.
3. With reference to their origin and purpose, assess the value and limitations of Sources C and D for historians studying the treatment of the Abyssinian crisis by the League of Nations.
The value and limitations of the treatment of the Abyssinian crisis by the League of Nations are the League had problems to make decision and in this situation war will occur soon.
4. Using the sources and your own knowledge analyse the statement made in Source C that the Abyssinian crisis was a task imposed upon the League of Nations “that it was impossible to fulfill.”
The Abyssinian crisis was a task imposed upon the League of Nations “that it was impossible to fulfill” because the League cannot fix problems and no plans on what to do next or led them to success, that’s why is impossible to fulfill.
Source:
Reading packet #14
Samantha Foster
ReplyDeleteIB History
Ms. Noce
11-30-13
Depression and threats to international peace and
collective security: 1931-3 Abyssinia 1935-6
1.How did diplomacy work in the era of self-interest?
Diplomacy did not work well in an era of self-interest. The Great Depression had destroyed the economy of the world as well as the optimistic spirit of international cooperation. Survival of the fittest was something that many nations were starting to go by.
2.How were the United Kingdom and France exposed as military weak?
The United Kingdom and France fruitlessly attempted to defend the Versailles agreement and the principles of the League. They were exposed as militarily weak by the Manchurian crisis which encouraged more aggression among the nations.
3.How were strong pacifist movements in Western countries make it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest?
Strong pacifist movements in western countries made it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security because many had their eyes on economic problems caused by the depression. No one wanted to risk starting a war when there were so many who were starving and out of a job. That is why many people put their trust in the League of Nations and believed that war should only happen if it’s out of self-defense.
4.Why were Germany and Japan encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory?
Germany and Japan were encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory due to their economy being weak from the depression. They needed to obtain more territory in order for their country to properly function. Without the expansion of their territory, it would have been harder for Germany and Japan to maintain their prosperity.
5.Why did Mussolini ally with Hitler?
Mussolini allied himself with Hitler because they both had the same ambitions which were to make their country a great power. The UK and France were also unwilling to help Mussolini so his only option was to associate himself with Hitler.
6.Why was a strategic problem created for the British in the Mediterranean?
A strategic problem for the British in the Mediterranean was that even though the British navy was large and powerful, Britain was 5,000 miles away. This made it hard for Britain to place warships in the Far East.
Source Based Questions:
ReplyDelete1.According to Source D, what were the issues before the League of Nations Assembly? What message is conveyed by Source E?
Source D states that the issues before the League of Nations Assembly were states placing their trust in international treaties, assuring that the integrity and independence of smaller states be respected, and collective security. In source E, the message being conveyed is that Emperor Haile Selassie is speaking out to the League of Nation about how Italy being aggressive toward Ethiopia and even using poison gas during the invasion of Ethiopia on October 3 1995.
2.Compare and contrast the views expressed in Sources A and B about the relations of their countries with the League of Nations.
Source A shows how Britain had very positive views on the League of Nations and even states how the British saw it as the keystone of British foreign policy. Source A also mentions how Britain would do its best to support the covenant as well as increase the efficiency of the League of Nations. In source B, it shows how the French Government also has strong faith in the League of Nations. It was France’s top priority to settle disputes, a spirit which they believe the covenant also had.
3.With reference to their origin and purpose, assess the value and limitations of Sources C and D for historians studying the treatment of the Abyssinian crisis by the League of Nations.
If historians were to study the treatment of the Abyssinian crisis based on sources C and D, the historians would get more valuable information from C. The Reason why is because C focuses more on how the policy of collective security based on sanctions failed to keep peace. Source D has limited information on collective security and doesn't go in depth with it like source C had. In source D, the speaker is saying that Italian aggression is not the only question here but there are various questions such as the question of smaller states promising that their integrity and independence would be respected and assured.
4.Using the sources and your own knowledge analyze the statement made in Source C that the Abyssinian crisis was a task imposed upon the League of Nations "that it was impossible to fulfill."
I believe that the reason why source C said that Abyssinian crisis was a task imposed on the League of Nations “that was impossible to fulfill” is because the League Nations was something that was created to prevent crises like this from happening. However, due to many countries going rouge and acting on their own accord, the authority of the League of Nations wasn’t taken as seriously and eventually became powerless against problems like the Abyssinian crisis.
Works Cited:
Handout #14
Germairy Roman
ReplyDeleteMs. Noce
IB History 11
11/30/13
Depression and threats to international peace and collective security: 1931-3 Abyssinia 1935-6
1. How did diplomacy work in the era of self-interest?
Diplomacy during the era of self-interest was not a good idea. Instead of nations coming to terms with each other their relationships just got worst. Nations went against each other and weren't able to create peace.
2. How were the United Kingdom and France exposed as military weak?
The United Kingdom and France were exposed as military weak because they they didn't have all kinds of resources. For example, the United Kingdom nor France had bases in the Far East to supply their armies. This created distance issues which in turn effected the UK and France's army. Also Britain's Navy was going through a crisis which was caused by proposed pay cuts.
3. How were strong pacifist movements in Western countries make it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest?
Pacifists were people who were anti-war. They were opposed to war and didn't support it. The pacifists movement was strong in the UK and they believed in the League of Nations and that self-defense was the only reason for war to be acceptable.
4. Why were Germany and Japan encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory?
The reason why Germany and Japan were encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory was because they didn't have much to protect their country or to support their country economically. Japan had economic issues and that didn't help with her country's protection. Hitler was in control of Germany at this time and he needed more territory Germany's large population and for more resources.
5. Why did Mussolini ally with Hitler?
Mussolini ally with Hitler because there wasn't much of a choice and they had a lot of the same aspirations. At first Mussolini tried to make an agreement with the United Kingdom and France but the agreement didn't stand for very long. Mussolini then went to Hitler who had similar ideas. They both wanted to expand their territories and they also wanted more resources like oil.
6. Why was a strategic problem created for the British in the Mediterranean?
A strategic problem was created for the British in the Mediterranean because of distance. The UK couldn't engage its warships in the Far East because their navy was 5000 miles away.
Source-based questions
ReplyDelete1. According to Source D, what were the issues before the League of Nations Assembly? What message is conveyed by Source E?
The issues before the League of Nations Assembly were collective security, trust placed by states in international treaties, and the integrity and independence of small states will be respected. The message being conveyed in Source E is Emperor Haile Selassie telling the League of Nations on 30 June 1936 that Italy is an aggressor and used poison gas in the invasion of Ethiopia on 3 October 1995.
2. Compare and contrast the views expressed in Sources A and B about the relations of their countries with the League of Nations.
In comparison Sources A and B see the League of Nations in a positive light. In source A it shows that Britain is in favor of the League of Nations and will take part in anything the League decides to do. In source B it states that the French government will agree to partake in the League's decisions. A difference between the sources is Source A was about Britain's association with the League of Nations while Source B was about France's association.
3. With reference to their origin and purpose, assess the value and limitations of Sources C and D for historians studying the treatment of the Abyssinian crisis by the League of Nations.
For historians studying the treatment of the Abyssinian crisis by the League of Nations Source C would be of more help since it's more detailed than source D. Source C states that war couldn't be prevented and that it couldn't be stopped. It says that was unable to succeed in the prevention of war because it was too great a task. Source D isn't as detailed as Source C and doesn't talk about the inevitability of war occurring again and the League attempting to stop war.
4. Using the sources and your own knowledge analyse the statement made in Source C that the Abyssinian crisis was a task imposed upon the League of Nations "that it was impossible to fulfill."
The Abyssinian crisis was task that was impossible for the League of Nations to fulfill because they didn't have many allies and they weren't able to create peace between many nations. If the League of Nations didn't have countries by their side then they weren't able to handle the crisis and many countries didn't want to create allies and just wanted to be by themselves. The purpose of the League was to prevent crisis and they didn't plan on how they would handle a crisis like the Abyssinian crisis.
Works Cited - Packet #14
William Portorreal
ReplyDeleteIB history
Ms. Noce
Depression and threats to international peace and collective security: 1931-3 Abyssinia 1935-6
1. How did diplomacy work in the era of self-interest?
Diplomacy wasn’t a very good idea because it didn’t work well for countries and didn’t solve any problems it just made things worse resulting in the great depression.
2. How were the United Kingdom and France exposed as military weak?
The reason why they were exposed as military weak was because France and the UK were the only ones in the league. The UK had a distance disadvantage and they were already in a state of crisis. The Manchurian crisis ended up worsening them both.
3. How were the strong pacific movements in western countries make it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest?
The United States had a lot of power but they were deeply affected by the great depression, the armed forces and military didn’t have enough support so everyone was worried on getting their own country fixed up first.
4. Why were Germany and Japan encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory?
Germany’s reason to expand their territory was so that they could gain any resources they lacked in. Japan also needed to expand their territory because they were lacking in food and other natural resources just like Germany.
5. Why did Mussolini ally with Hitler?
The reason why Mussolini allied with Hitler was because they both had similar views such as gaining power and making their own country bigger and better. The League of Nations had refused to work with him so it gave him a greater chance of working with Hitler.
6. Why was a strategic problem created for the British in the Mediterranean?
The British had to travel a long distance any many resources were used up by the time they got to the Mediterranean making it hard for them to fight.
Source based questions:
1. According to source D, what were the issues before the League of Nations Assembly? What message is conveyed by source E?
The issues were with countries not trusting each other and there was no respect for anyone. The message was how Italy had attacked Ethiopia and Italy had no respect for them which was cruel for them to do something like that.
2. Compare and contrast the views expressed in sources A and B about the relations of their countries with the league of nations
In source A it talks about how the key to the British foreign policy is the league of nations and how they agree with anything that involves the league of nations. Source B talks about how both the French and Britain government both cooperate in the covenant.
3. With reference to their origin and purpose, assess the value and limitations of sources C and D for historians studying the treatment of the Abyssinian crisis by the league of nations.
Source c talks about how collective security had failed to stop war and failed in general. Source D talks about the issues before the League of Nations like there was no trust within countries. There was disrespect and countries had intervened other independent countries like Italy did with Ethiopia.
4. Using the sources and your own knowledge analyze the statement made in source C that the Abyssinian crisis was a task imposed upon the league of nations “that it was impossible to fulfill”.
I think that the statement means that they created a system meant to stop war that had failed and because of that it seems impossible to complete the task with a system that had failed.
sources: packet 14
DeleteVictor Harris
ReplyDeleteMs.Noce
I.B History 11
12/1/13
1.How did did diplomacy work in the era of self-interest ?
Diplomacy is basically a good relationship with the government and the nation. In the packet the citizens of the states told the government to give money and resources to help with problems. But sadly because of the Great Depression it messed up the economy and self-interest to the Nations was everybody for there self's.
2.How were the United Kingdom and France exposed as military weak ?
Well France and the UK had on "substantial military", this meaning a big size. For the UK they had a large navy but there were 5000 miles away and that being considered not in a good position for a war in the sea in the Far East. This showed military weak in the UK because how can you go to war if your far away ? Even a "anti-war pacifist movement" rather let the League of Nations do the dirty work. France with the British Navy also should weakness, because they were going into a Crisis. They were pay cuts going around and , "there was also a crucial absence of motivation to undertake a military missions". If they were getting pay cuts who would want to go to war any ways ? It seemed no matter how big or strong the UK and France was, something would just expose there weakness. Both could not get the resources for war because the Democracies couldn't promise public support.
3.How were strong pacifist movements in Western countries make it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest ?
Strong pacifist made it hard for enthusiasm because they were more worried about problems that the Great Depression did to the Nations. Jobs were harder to get and food was limited. Just like in the World War One, people put there faith in the League of Nations but only wanted them to go to war for self-defense.
4.Why were Germany and Japan encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory?
Both Germany and Japan was encouraged to continue campaigns and territory since the economy being bad because of the Great Depression. I think if Germany and Japan never did this it would of been worse for both Nations.
5.Why did Mussolini ally with Hitler ?
Only one reason why Mussolini allied with Hitler, and it's because of him and Germany. They know Germany and Hitler's power and his ambition would steadily keep growing. Mussolini didn't want to be on the receiving end of this, also Mussolini would get weaker because of the Germans "resurgence". Mussolini didn't want to take any chances of facing Hitler. Mussolini meet with other Nations that would be targeted by the Germans. To make it easy on them, they pledge not to mess with Germany while they try to destroy the Treaty of Versailles. This basically kept Mussolini safe from Hitler.
6.Why was a strategic problem created for the British in the Mediterranean ?
Reason why there were problems in the Mediterranean because of Mussolini. Mussolini wanted more territory for there selfs. Furthermore there was suppose to be peace, but the peace was broken because of the "Hoare-Laval Pact " that never took place or did any effect leaving Britain very bitter. It made it worse because since the Mediterranean was in the water made it harder for the British and also the UK because of there military sea problems.
Source Based Questions
ReplyDelete1.According to source D, what were the issuses before the League of Nations Assembly ? What message is conveyed by source E ?
-According to source D the issues of trust, promise and respect was already an issue before the League of Nations assembled. Also that the treaties going along with promises and trust was broken. Even an Ethiopian person talking behalf from all saying they were on the short end of the stick of the treaties.
What I take from source E is an Emperor named Halre Selassie trying to plead to the League of Nations that Italy was a threat by using posion gas in Ethiopia that started in October 3,1995 which was about 18 years ago !
2.Compare and Contrast the views expressed in source A and B about the relations of their countries with the League of Nations.
-First let's start off by comparing Source A and B, they both want to hold up the Covent in the Nations. Also both want to discuss or handle any disputes and as we know the League is really good at handling this. And lastly both Source A and B are worried about the framework of the League. There is some key diffrents in both Source A and B. A is going more with a "British foreign policy ", while B is going with a French and UK government. Also the framework is different because A talks about Italy, Abyssinia and the League. While in B I really don't see no framework only a proposal. In source A it says the League won't go into isolation and I don't see nothing about it in B. It seems both of these sources are missing something from both.
3. With reference to their origin and purpose,asses the value and limitations of Source C and D for Historians studying the treatment of the Abyssinian Crisis by the League of Nations.
-Reading both source C and D it seemed like the League of Nations have failed the people. From the Abyssinian Crisis, the League failed and couldn't stop or prevent war. But the Source C says it's not blaming nobody, so I guess it's not blaming the League either. It seemed that they put a lot of faith in the League and they couldn't uphold the people. Also before there was already some problems like treaties not doing what there suppose to do. Was a lack of respect and promises and even a person said that. These were suppose to be vital to the League of Nations. These are the limitations and values I see.
4.Useing the sources and your own knowledge analyze the statement made in Source C that the Abyssinian Crisis was a tasked imposed upon the league of Nations " That it was impossible to fulfil"
-Well from my own knowledge we know that the League of Nations was kind of a fail, but not a complete fail in World War One. So coming into World war 2, how would this change ? Answer is it really didn't and the League of Nations was still in a jam World War Two. Just like in the past, people dependent on the League to do all the business which they were there for. In Source C it said if they would of used "common sense" instead of letting the League doing it all alone they probably would of did a better job. So just like in World War One, it was a failure, "failed to prevent war, failed to stop war, failed to save the victim of aggression".
Work Citied:
Packet 14
Dianna Colon
ReplyDeleteIB History 11
Ms.Noce
December 1, 2013
1. How did diplomacy work in the era of self-interest?
- Diplomacy in the era of self-interest was not all that good. The reason is because instead of there being peace between the nations, there were different conflicts occurring, one which was the Great Depression, that made the nations all go through many different things.
2. How were the United Kingdom and France exposed as military weak?
- The United Kingdom and France were exposed as military weak because they did not have the bases they needed in order to help with challenges in the Far East. Also, France and the UK looked through the Treaty of Versailles in order to eliminate the things that Germany found unfair.
3. How were strong pacifist movements in Western countries make it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest?
- Pacifist movements made it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest because they thought that war should only happen in self-defense or that their faith was in the League.
4. Why were Germany and Japan encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory?
- Germany and Japan were encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory because they wanted a better economic system. Both Japan and Germany economy was weak and one of the blames was the League of Nations, so that’s why they both decided to withdraw from the League.
5. Why did Mussolini ally with Hitler?
- Mussolini allied with Hitler because they both wanted a better and more powerful territory. Also, controlling Hitler would remove an enemy.
6. Why was a strategic problem created for the British in the Mediterranean?
- A strategic problem was created for the British in the Mediterranean because Mussolini had dreams of a “new Roman Empire” but the British were 5,000 miles away, which made it hard to involve her warships in the Far East.
Source-based questions
1. According to Source D, what were the issues before the League of Nations Assembly? What message is conveyed by Source E?
- Source D states that the issues before the League of Nations Assembly were that there should be equality between the states. The message revealed by Source E was that no nation should be aggressive and that everything should be equal or also that no nation should get away with something that is wrong.
2. Compare and contrast the views expressed in Sources A and B about the relations of their countries with the League of Nations.
- Sources A and B both respected and agreed to support the Covenant. Source A thought that they should not isolate and should be aware of everything that comes up because of the League. Source B thought they should have a settlement for any type of dispute.
3. With reference to their origin and purpose, assess the value and limitations of Sources C and D for historians studying the treatment of the Abyssinian crisis by the League of Nations.
- Source C states that the policy failed to avoid war from occurring and that they set upon the League of Nations a responsibility that was beyond its power to accomplish. Source D states that there should be equality between all nations.
4. Using the sources and your own knowledge analyze the statement made in Source that the Abyssinian crisis was a task imposed upon the League of Nations “that it was impossible to fulfill.”
- I think this means that everyone saw that it was the League of Nations job to help out in the Abyssinian crisis. Basically it was the League’s responsibility to help and they should have accomplished it because of the power that it had.
Source: Handout #14
Dimas A. Amezquita
ReplyDeleteIB History
Ms. Noce
December 1, 2013
Depression and threats to international peace and collective security Questions: 1931-3 Abyssinia 1935-6
1. How did diplomacy work in the era of self-interest?
Diplomacy really did not work very well in an era of self-interest because nations were trying to make any terms with each other, but that did not worked out with the relationships getting worse. For example the Great Depression was a big factor to the economy and to the world that everything was going to a slump and the international cooperation. That is when many nations were against one another and this was not a way to create peace.
2. How were the United Kingdom and France exposed as military weak?
United Kingdom and France were exposed as military weak because they were not financially prepared and the situation that was happening in the East of Europe. Economically, United Kingdom had some war- debts and money issues that were involved with the government. This was not good because UK was not able to trade or exchange with any other nations. France and UK respected the League of Nations and agreed the terms of the Versailles agreement. The Manchurian crisis exposed them as military weak and this made the nations to be more aggressive with their military.
3. How were strong pacifist movements in Western countries make it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest?
I think what made it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security because a lot of people in the strong pacifist movements in western countries were having an economic problem that was caused by the Great Depression. The reason of this was no one wanted to think about starting a war and wanted to try to help so many people who were starving and did not have a job. Many people trust the League of Nations on solving situations with war or economic problems, and many thought if they want to start a war, the reason will be self-defense.
4. Why were Germany and Japan encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory?
The reason of Germany and Japan to continue their campaigns and expand their territory was because the economy was in a slump and weak with the situation of the Great Depression and needed territory so their countries are able to operate as a nation. If Germany and Japan did not expand their territory they would not be able to keep their prosperity.
5. Why did Mussolini ally with Hitler?
The reason was that France and UK did not want to help Mussolini and that is when Mussolini went with Hitler for help, both of them had the same beliefs and interests on making their own country to be powerful around the world and thought that if they worked together, they both could be able to accomplish on their beliefs and interests.
6. Why was a strategic problem created for the British in the Mediterranean?
It was strategic problem for British because even though the British Navy was large and powerful, Britain was 5,000 miles far away in the Far East to put their warships. Another thing was that Mussolini wanted equality for British in East Mediterranean and Africa.
Source-Based Questions:
ReplyDelete1. According to Source D, what were the issues before the League of Nations Assembly? What message is conveyed by Source E?
The issue before the League of Nations was for countries to respect other nations independence so there could be equality, collective security and trust in other international treaties. The message that was conveyed in Source E by Emperor Haile Selassie speaking to the League of Nations about Italy was being harsh and aggressive towards Ethiopia by Italy using poison gas during the invasion in Ethiopia.
2. Compare and contrast the views expressed in Sources A and B about the relations of their countries with the League of Nations.
Source A and B shows how the relations will be in their countries with the League of Nations as being a part of an agreement and being very powerful and committed. It also mentions how the countries will be prepared to take any actions and is willing to do any negotiating with one another countries to create a powerful nation around the world.
3. With reference to their origin and purpose, asses the value and limitations of Sources C and D for historians studying the treatment of the Abyssinian crisis by the League of Nations.
According to C and D, there were values and limits on the Abyssinian crisis, the League of Nations had meaningful aggression that negatively did not work. There was a lot of misunderstanding about the way the League of Nations handle with peace and independence between other countries.
4. Using the sources and your own knowledge analyze the statement made in Source C that the Abyssinian crisis was a task imposed upon the League of Nations “that it was impossible to fulfill”
I think the reason that Source C said that the Abyssinian crisis was a task to impose the League of Nations that was not able to be fulfill was because they did not have a lot of allies and failed to create peace between other nations. If the League of Nations was handling the crisis by themselves without any countries being on their side, the League of Nations would have failed on handling the crisis. The reason of having the League of Nations was to stop any crisis, but that did not happen when the League of Nations could not handle the Abyssinian crisis.
Work Cited:
Packet (#14)
Jalexis Ruiz
ReplyDeleteMs.Noce
IB History
1.How did diplomacy work in the era of self-interest?
The way diplomacy worked in the era of self-interest was that it didn’t work well, The great depression had messed up the economy .
2.How were the United Kingdom and France exposed as military weak?
The United Kingdom was exposed as military weak because they wasn’t in a good position. The UK couldn’t do trades or exchanges with any of the other nations. And the reason why France was exposed was because france wanted to be part of the versailles agreement but they was then betrayed.
3.How were strong pacifist movements in Western countries make it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest?
The pacifist movements in western countries make it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest because they wanted to make things happen with self-defense just to protect themselves and to try not to hurt other countries badly.
4.Why were Germany and Japan encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory?
Germany and Japan encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory because they wasn’t as strong as other countries. Germany and japan needed people to help them defend themselves because they wasn’t so powerful.
5.Why did Mussolini ally with Hitler?
Mussolini allied with Hitler because they had like almost the same kind of ideas. They allied with each other so that they can both become stronger as a team so they worked together to make it happen.
6.Why was a strategic problem created for the British in the Mediterranean?
A strategic problem was created for the British in the mediterranean because of the distance , because british naval was in a phase of catastrophe.
Source-based questions
1.According to Source D, what were the issues before the League of Nations
Assembly? What message is conveyed by Source E?
The issues before the League of Nations assembly were to respect other countries independence. The message conveyed by source E was the Emperor Haile selassie talking about a conflict that happen between Italy and Ethiopia that caused bad problems.
2.Compare and contrast the views expressed in Sources A and B about the relations of their countries with the League of Nations.
Source A and B talk about how they will work with the league of nations as a whole to make better decisions so that they can all be happy.
3.With reference to their origin and purpose, assess the value and limitations of Sources C and D for historians studying the treatment of the Abyssinian crisis by the League of Nations.
The sources C and D Abyssinian crisis was very strong almost something you couldn’t deal with and nobody could even help them or themselves. Wars didn’t even take place because of that.
4.Using the sources and your own knowledge analyse the statement made in Source C that the Abyssinian crisis was a task imposed upon the League of Nations "that it was impossible to fulfill."
In my opinion I think that the Abyssinian crisis was a difficult task to deal with. And when it came to the league of nations trying to help not even they could do that they wasn’t able to fulfill
worked cited :
packet 14
Dinia Clairveaux
ReplyDeleteMs.Noce
IB History
12/1/2013
Depression and threats to international peace and collective security: Manchuria 1931-3 and Abyssinia 19356
1.) How did diplomacy work in the era of self-interest ?
Diplomacy didn't really work in the era in self-interest the league of nations was suffering from lack of leadership, and also following the agreements they created with countries. The league also had trouble attain the title of peace with they stood for, with all the conflicts that were happening around him.
2.) How were the United Kingdom and France exposed as military weak?
The United Kingdom and France were exposed as militarily weak because these two countries lacked military forces during the break outs of conflicts that took place in 1931-1936. Due to the great depression that was occurring globally, and the lacking of solving their own country's economic issues. an example was the Uk citizens weren't willing to support the because they felt that the money should go to the economy’s depression issue instead.
3.) How were strong pacifist movements in Western countries make it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest?
The strong pacifist movements in Western countries make it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security, because they their faith had a great impact on the people, leading them to believe that they should go to war for the reason only to defend their country.
4.)Why were Germany and Japan encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory?
Germany and Japan were encouraged to continue their territorial expansions because the League lack any army due to the first world war, and priorly Japan and Germany wasn't their top priority at that moment. They were too busy with trying to find a solution for the great depression, that all the countries were suffering from, to really pay attention to Germany and Japan. Due to this nothing was done to stop Germany’s and Japan invasions on other countries. Which can be translated to encouraging tem to continue their expansion.
5)Why did Mussolini ally with Hitler?
Mussolini allied herself with Hitler because of the Abyssinia crisis. Mussolini wanted to expand her territory in Africa and Abyssinia was the only non-claim territory available. she thought that her allies (Uk and France) would support her, but didn't and give her a settlement which was called The Hoare-Laval Pact instead. She didn't agree with the settlement and so she decided to drop the alliance she had with and them,and ally herself with a country that was way more powerful than the UK and France which at that time was Germany.
6.)Why was a strategic problem created for the British in the Mediterranean?
A strategic problem that was created for the British in the Mediterranean was that Italy wanted to be equal with Her in Africa and Eastern Mediterranean.
Source-based questions
ReplyDelete1.)According to Source D, what were the issues before the League of Nations Assembly? What message is conveyed by Source E?
The issues before the league were of Nations Assembly was that the Italians were aggressively invading small countries to expand their territories. And the countries stated that they will fight for their land and country and will take any actions that would be necessary to their success.
The message that is conveyed by source E is that Emperor Haile was in charge of the Assembly that was being hailed.
2.)Compare and contrast the views expressed in Sources A and B about the relations of their countries with the League of Nations.
Both of the sources state how they would cooperate with the league of nations in making decisions on specific issues and negotiations. and they both discuss the alliance between UK, France and Italy. A mentions the Abyssinia Crisis and B did not.
3.)With reference to their origin and purpose, assess the value and limitations of Sources C and D for historians studying the treatment of the Abyssinian crisis by the League of Nations.
Sources C and D limits the information on the Abyssinia Crisis if Historians would had only study these two they would really be able to learn about how this crisis was treated and precautions were taken.
Jerilys Santiago
ReplyDeleteIB World History
Ms.Noce
Depression and threats to international peace and collective security: 1931-3 Abyssinia 1935-6 Questions
#1) How did diplomacy work in the era of self-interest?
- Diplomacy didn’t work well in the era of self-interest because it caused world peace hard to maintain. Also, it was the reason for the collapse of international understanding.
#2) How were United Kingdom and France exposed as military weak?
The United Kingdom and France were exposed as military weak because neither nation had the bases in the Far East to support such challenge. Also, they were not motivated to fight back.
#3) Why did strong pacifist movements in Western countries make it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest?
- The strong pacifist movements in Western countries made it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest because they were against war and they believed war should occur in self-defense only.
#4) Why were Germany and Japan encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory?
- Germany and Japan encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory because they needed territory in order to be powerful and strong countries.
#5) Why did Mussolini ally with Hitler?
-Mussolini allied with Hitler because he rather had him as an ally than an enemy. Also, they both wanted to keep Germany powerful.
#6) Why was a strategic problem created for the British in the Mediterranean?
- There was a strategic problem created for the British in the Mediterranean because Mussolini wanted British to be equal to Africa and the East Mediterranean.
Source based answers:
#1) According to Source D, what were the issues before the League of Nations Assembly? What message is conveyed by Source E?
-According to Source D, the issues before the League of Nations Assembly were violations of treaties and international molarity. Nations needed respect each other’s opinions and decisions. The message that is conveyed by Source E is that the Emperor Haile Selassie believed italy was the one to blame for the invasion in Ethiopia.
#2) Compare and contrast the views expressed in Sources A and B about the relations of their countries with the League of Nations.
-In Source A, it seemed like all the speaker cared about was for Britain to support the League and not isolated from it. On the other hand in Source B, the speaker cared about many countries supporting the League, not just one country.
#3) With reference to their origin and purpose, assess the value and limitations of Sources C and D for historians studying the treatment of the Abyssinian crisis by the League of Nations.
-Historians studying the treatment of the Abyssinian crisis by the League of Nations can take from Sources Cc and D that the League of Nations did not do much to help out. I feel like they were too close-minded about the situation because they basically had no solution to the problem.
#4) Using the sources and your own knowledge, analyse the statement made in Source C that the Abyssinian crisis was a task imposed upon the League of Nations “that it was impossible to fulfill.”
- I do not agree with the statement made in Source C that the Abyssinian crisis was a task imposed upon the League of Nations “that it was impossible to fulfill,” because the League of Nations had power and I feel like if they really wanted to help them out they could have done it in one way or another.
Sources: Packet 14
Source-Based questions
ReplyDelete1) According to Source D, what were the issues before the League of Nations assembly? What message is conveyed by Source E?
Some of the issues that were before the League of Nations assembly were:
-"Of the value of promises made to small states that their integrity and independence shall be respected and assured." To simplify this quote, an issue that was brought up was that people weren't respecting small States independence. The small States wanted to be respected and want to make sure they were going to be an independent State.
-"…of the trust placed by States in international treaties." In other words the issue was that there was a very big trust issue. Emperor Haile wanted to build trust between the states.
The message that was carried out by Source E was an issue that Ethiopia had with Italy. The issue was that: Italy was being very rough with Ethiopia. What I mean by this is Italy tried to do whatever they can to invade Ethiopia. By doing so, they used poison gas to invade Ethiopia. That was the message that I carried out of Source E.
2) Compare and contrast the view expressed in Sources A and B about the relations of their countries with the League of Nations.
Compare:
-Both Source A and B agree to participate in the Covenant and to be faithful during the covenant.
-Both Source A and B want to have an agreement that will be justified for everyone in the making the decision.
Contrast:
-In Source A the countries that are in the making of the decisions are: the League of Nations, Abyssinia and Italy.
-In Source B the countries that are in the making of the decisions are: United Kingdom and the French Government.
3) With reference to their origin and purpose, asses the value and limitations of Source C and D for historians studying the treatment of the Abyssinian crisis by the League of Nations.
When the historians look at Sources C and D they will discover that in Source C Chamberlain explains in vade detail who, what, where and why the states felt the way they did. Chamberlain explained very carefully that nobody was to blame for all these issues –as I stated in question 1-. Although, Source D is very limited with their information. Historians will only unravel the issues that occurred. This is a simplified version of what the historians will learn from these two sources.
4) Using the sources and your own knowledge analyze the statement made in Source C that the Abyssinian crisis was a task imposed upon the League of Nations “that it was impossible to fulfill”.
What I can interpret from this quote is that Chamberlain was basically saying that the Abyssinian crisis was a job that was forced on the League of Nations and it wasn’t possible to be accomplished. My opinion for this quote is that the League of Nations was created to make peace and stop any wars but it failed. So I understand why Chamberlain would believe that the League of Nations would not be able to accomplish anything because they failed the first time.
6 Questions
ReplyDelete1)How did diplomacy work in the era of self-interest?
Diplomacy means “The art or practice of conducting international relations, as in negotiating alliances, treaties, and agreements.” (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/diplomacy) In other words Diplomacy means countries having negotiations with other countries. Diplomacy didn’t carry out so well in the era of self-interest. For example, it created tension between countries and caused some of the countries to work against each other.
2)How were the United Kingdom and France exposed as military weak?
France and UK known as military weak because they didn’t have the necessary resources to defend themselves. UK was also known as military weak because of distance. What I mean by this is the soldiers were far away from their home base so that was a very big disadvantage for them.
3)How did strong pacifist movements in Western countries make it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest?
Strong pacifist movements made it difficult to create enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest because it sent out the wrong intentions. The western countries real intentions: these movements were intended to go to war only to protect ones country. Not to get revenge.
4)Why were Germany and Japan Encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory?
Japan and Germany were encouraged to precede their campaigns and to grow their territory because nether Japan or Germany was doing a good job economically. With Hitler having total control over Germany, he wanted –very bad- for Germany to grow and have more territories to be able to protect their country. Why did Mussolini ally with Hitler?
5)Why did Mussolini ally with Hitler?
Mussolini and Hitler had many of the same ideas so why not just ally together? Mussolini tried to ally with France and UK but they ended up bumping heads with the decision making. Mussolini and Hitler both had the idea to grow the size of their territories. Mussolini felt it was the only right decision.
6)Why was it a strategic problem created for the British in the Mediterranean?
It was a strategic problem created for the British in the Mediterranean because Britain was very far -from the Far East- to be involved in any type of empire.
1. How did diplomacy work in the era of self-interest?
ReplyDeleteThe diplmacy caused bad conflicts between the different nations because they could not make peace because they where all against each other. That's why it wasn't very helpfull for the self-interest for the countrie.
2. How were the United Kingdom and France exposed as military weak?
The United Kingdom and France did not have the financial medium to finance the military. That happend because of the crisis that happened before. They had not enough money to 'feet' their military and so, they were seen as weak.
3. How were strong pacifist movements in Western countries make it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest?
The strong pacifist movement in the Western counties were because the people tursted the League of Nations and they wanted to defend themselves. Everyone was afraid of war and they didn't wanted it to happen again but they would defend themselves.
4. Why were Germany and Japan encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory?
They lost a lot of terretory and the great depression was not very helpfull for them. By getting more teretorry, the economic would go up, and Japan and Germany would have more money.
5. Why did Mussolini ally with Hitler?
Mussolini allied with hitler because he was as crazy as him. Both wanted their countires to became the most powerful and greatest power countries in the world. They would have a better chance, of they would work together, he tought.
6. Why was a strategic problem created for the British in the Mediterranean?
The fact, that Great Britain was so far away, made it not really easy to make good strategics wich would work for such a distance. Also because of all the food and other important things that you need for a long jurney.
Source-based questions
1. According to Source D, what were the issues before the League of Nations Assembly? What message is conveyed by Source E?
According to Source D, the issues for the League of nations Assembly were the agressive act from Italy. The conveyed message from source E is that Haile Selassie is blaiming italy for beeing agressive and to start everthing.
2. Compare and contrast the views expressed in Sources A and B about the relations of their countries with the League of Nations. The wievs of Sources A and B are that they want to work with the League of Nations to make better desicions and were thinking about alliances with France, Britain and Italy.
ESSAY
ReplyDelete1. How did diplomacy work in the era of self-interest?
Diplomacy still remained an active practice after the war and the great depression, but instead of co-operating for forging peace to prevent another war; countries preferred to cut relations with neighboring countries, disregard surrounding situations and achieve egoistic goals, engaging in a “survival of the fittest” race to recover from the depression and the war. Diplomacy was active but not for the major good, just for the country’s own benefit no matter what the consequences on others were.
2. How were the United Kingdom and France exposed as military weak?
Both the United Kingdom and France had been weakened after the war, the two countries were the only great powers in the League of Nations and when the Manchurian Crisis came about; the League (therefore, the UK and France) failed to take action to resolve it, and showed the faults of the League and the two countries’ military weaknesses. The United Kingdom was brittle after the war and the decline of overseas trade (their main economic activity), although they had an enormous navy; their navy was too far away from Manchuria to effectively intervene, the navy saw pay cuts which severely lowered the motivation of the navy to engage in combat, the closest power to Manchuria, the USSR, was worried solving internal problems (and converting countries to communism), and France was too busy with Germany and extremism.
3. How were strong pacifist movements in Western countries making it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest?
Large pacifist groups were aimed towards solving problems caused by the great depression and avoid risking another war as much as they could. Foremost, they wanted to solve the internal economic troubles rather than think of war. To solve issues that could lead to a war they put their faith in the League to peacefully solve situations; they also believed that war should only occur when it’s a self defense war.
4. Why were Germany and Japan encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory?
Both Germany and Japan kept going forward with their expansionist goals because of the economic crisis occurring. Germany was devastated after the war and could not sustain itself with the little resources left in their power after the Versailles Treaty. Japan relied on trading (much like Britain) and after the War, her main client; the United States could no longer purchase exports from Japan due to the Great Depression occurring and there were high tariffs imposed on trade by the US. To make matters worse, the large population of Japan could no longer be sustained by the few resources Japan had to offer so they had to resort to the quickest option: conquest.
5. Why did Mussolini ally with Hitler?
Mussolini saw Hitler as a possible threat to Italy so his best bet was to ally with him to prevent any severe damages. Moreover, the UK and France were against aiding Mussolini to achieve his goals; so his only viable alliance was again with Hitler who shared some objectives with him. (Plus, Hitler had a handsome mustache so Mussolini, having no mustache, wanted to know his secrets)
6. Why was a strategic problem for the British created in the Mediterranean?
The Mediterranean was a weak spot for Britain due to the distance of their navy form there to aid in the Abyssinia Crisis and the few fleets that were there would not suffice. I would infer that the problem for the British with Abyssinia was that the “Corridor to the Sea” was going to be controlled by the Italians and this would not be beneficial for Britain.
SOURCE QUESTIONS
ReplyDelete1. According to source D, what were the issues before the League of Nations assembly? What message is conveyed by source E?
Source D states that the Ethiopians are being victims of violations to international law and treaties, and that the Ethiopians will not resort to force and adhere to the Covenant to bring justice to them.
Source E states that Emperor Haile Selassie accuses Italy of attacking Ethiopia.
2. Compare and contrast the views expressed in sources A and B about the relationship of their countries with the League of Nations.
Both sources claim that their respective countries will adhere to the Covenant and that will co-operate and support the League to reach an agreement with Italy. Source A (coming from Britain) more clearly addresses the issue at hand, Abyssinia; probably due to the importance of the location to the British.
3. With reference to their origin and purpose, assess the value and limitations of Sources C and D for historians studying the treatment of the Abyssinian crisis by the League of Nations.
Source C is clearly going by Mr. Chamberlain’s appeasement policy (to let Italy go unscathed so that war can be prevented) and Source D comes from an Ethiopian who knows what Italy has done and therefore wishes sanctions to be applied to the Italians. The limitations that these two sources put on historians are the “victim” viewpoint and the “foreigner who was not there” viewpoint that give mixed emotions on how to judge the treatment of the issue. The good value comes from the arguments that each side used to either apply or lower sanctions to Italy which can be used to further assess the treatment.
4. Using the sources and your own knowledge analyze the statement made in Source C that the Abyssinian crisis was a task imposed upon the League of Nations "that it was impossible to fulfill”.
It was possible to punish Mussolini for what he did and indeed he could be subdued for Italy was not so strong; but the problem lied in that if he was to be punished, he would ally to Germany (Italy was previously allied to the UK and France against Germany) and increase Hitler’s (the greatest threat to peace at the time) influence/ally-based-power and increase the risk of war even further. I would say that the crisis COULD be solved, but to the Allies this “impossible” goal was not convenient.
SOURCES:
Handout #14
Miladys Florentino
ReplyDeleteMs. Noce
IB World History
Questions:
1. How did diplomacy work in the era of self-interest?
- The diplomacy didn't work in the era of self interest due to the misunderstandings and agreements not meeting all standards in order to fiction for the countries. As well as, maintaining peace was also difficult, so therefore diplomacy didn't fiction correctly.
2. How were the United Kingdom and France exposed as military weak?
- United Kingdom and France were exposed as military weak because they weren't where they we're suppose to be economically wise as well as having to many policies, to avoid any altercations with other countries such as Germany.
3. How were strong pacifist movements in Western countries make it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest?
- Strong pacifist movements in western countries made it difficult yo develop enthusiasm for collective security beyonh an intellectual interest due to the fact that there was faith in the League of Nations, even though it was a complete fail and also if countries were to go to war it would be for their owe defense.
4. Why were Germany and Japan encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory?
- Germany and Japan we're encourage to continue their campaign and expand their territory was because they were very powerless and they were also trying to regain what was taken away from them previously.
5. Why did Mussolini ally with Hitler?
- Mussolini decided to ally with Hitler due to them having the same interest into making a country more powerful and better while being maintain under their control.
6. Why was a strategic problem created for the British in the Mediterranean?
- A strategic problem was created for the British in the Mediterranean because Mussolini had very high expectations in the goals he wish to accomplish as well as having a problem with the distance from the UK to the Far East which was thousands of miles away.
Source-based questions
1. According to Source D, what were the issues before the League of Nations Assembly? What message is conveyed by Source E?
- According to source D, the issue a before the League of Nations assembly was to honor respect towards other countries independence as well as nations being given too much freedom. The message which is conveyed by source E is that Emperor Haile accused Italy of being an aggressor towards Ethiopia in October of 1995.
2. Compare and contrast the views expressed in Sources A and B about the relations of their countries with the League of Nations.
- Both if these sources (A&B) are similar but yet have their differences. Neither of these sources had a problem with the league of nations. Also, both sources were opened minded within other countries. Their differences would be source A, having British have a good view overall and source B, the French govt believe in the League of Nations regardless of what others thought about it.
3. With reference to their origin and purpose, assess the value and limitations of Sources C and D for historians studying the treatment of the Abyssinian crisis by the League of Nations.
- If a historian was studying the treatment of the Abyssinian crisis by the League of Nations, I believe both sources (C&D) are very informative and also talks about what should be done towards avoiding altercations with other countries.
4. Using the sources and your own knowledge analyse the statement made in Source C that the Abyssinian crisis was a task imposed upon the League of Nations "that it was impossible to fulfill."
- According to the League of Nations the Abyssinian crisis was a task which was "impossible to fulfil" because the League of Nations didn't have an army of their own and yet wanted to maintain peace within. If such task was to be successful they would have allies to help complete the task and therefore be successful.
Source: Packet #14
Erick Volquez
ReplyDeleteWorld History 11
Ms.Noce Blog
12/1/2013
PACKET BASED ANSWERS
1. A diplomacy can be described as an activity or a type of profession that was mixed with international relations. Diplomacy worked in the era of self-interest because having some type of power to control would give you (obviously) the mandating opinion that would best suit for you. A country wouldn’t care what would happen to the other one they just wanted to keep the relationship so that when it came down to making any deals, the deal would be in their favor. The diplomacy was the activity and profession that countries used to manage themselves in this era, finding ways to negotiate and like I said, find what they thought was best for them.
2. The United Kingdom and France were exposed as military weak because of various reasons. There was no unity among them, it wasn’t the same after WW1 and there was lack of communication. The commanders and people in charge of the armies and plans weren’t the same that acted in WW1. These were new people that didn’t have the same ambition which led to make France and the United Kingdom weak. This was not only a tragedy, but an embarrassment because after winning the first would war and having so much glory threw the army and their greatness, it came this time were no longer they were looked up upon but looked down upon.
3. Even if the pacifist movements were made to give people the idea that everything was fine and that there was peace, they were stopping those enthusiastic movements to take control of the western countries and “place order” the pacifist didn’t want to fight, they just thought that keeping everything, every government, every controlled position the same. This made it extremely difficult because not only did this stop them from creating intellectual interest but this made them upset because they wouldn’t have the chance to obtain any type of info what so ever from the western countries because f these strong pacifists.
4. Germany and Japan were encouraged to continue their campaigns in search to expand their territory because of three main reasons. First, Hitler wanted to make sure that there was a strong sense of union in which the countries that would join him would be faithful and would have any strong technique to give at any point after he declared the war. Second, Hitler wanted territory to place different battles of the war and third, he wanted to have as much resources as possible so since Japan and Germany were at this point with the biggest army, they went for it to expand and get prepared to attack.
5. Mussolini’s alliance with Hitler was a great alliance. Mussolini was a fascist prime minister controlling Italy since 1925. Hitler saw that this man was a great leader (at least in his eyes) and decided to form an alliance. NOT only because Germany and Italy were both under fascistic men, but because Mussolini saw great potential in Hitler “a great dominant power” so he had given money to raise the Nazi party. This alliance also comes to effect in WW2 after both of them along Japan and other countries come together to fight along each other.
6. The strategic problem that the British had when it came to the Mediterranean is that their enemy’s land, Italy, was costal of these waters. Due to this, the British would have a difficult time placing their ships and preparing for war in the Mediterranean because the Enemy would already be there to attack them. There wouldn’t be any type of surprise attack because Italy would have control upon the sea and wait for them there.
SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS
ReplyDelete1. According to Source D, the issues that were presented upon the League of Nations had to do with the People of Ethiopia. This was brought upon the League of Nations to protest against those who were violating the treaties that gave the permission of those pieces of land to have freedom and in these pieces of land there was Ethiopia which was being mistreated. This was an issue because it was a violation of the rights and this was making Ethiopia go to a point that they would bow down to being owned again but the excerpt says that the Emperor said the people of Ethiopia wouldn’t bow by force. The only clear message that is conveyed by Source E is that Italy was abusing Ethiopia by using poison gas which according to this excerpt started in 1995.
2. Source A gives us the introduction of what role Britain plaid and how their treaties and correlations where actually controlled down and there seemed to be no problem what so ever with the treaties and propositions that were brought by Britain in the League of Nations. Now, France had to relook and rethink and even rewrite propositions because some came to think that France proposed propositions to benefit them only and be done outside the League of Nations which would be terrible and pretty much a down fall for them.
3. With reference to their origin and purpose, the value and limitations of Source C and D historians studying the treatment of the Abyssian crisis by the League of Nations can be assed In a way that we could say that they have similarities. Source C talks about the Abyssian crisis which is similar to Source D because the Italians being extremely unmerciful with the Ethiopians were turning into a crisis that luckily the Emperor Haile Selassie brought to the League of Nations. The crisis of Abyssian actually happened but both were at a range of similarity.
4. To the far extend of my knowledge and to how far I can understand Source C, the task should have been implemented upon the League of Nations but they refused to fulfill it. I believe that this was a starting or one of the causes that the Popularity of the League of Nations went downhill. The purpose of the League of Nation was to fix any issues that came upon any type of countries so refusing to help was a “NO NO!” the league of nations had to find a way to fix the problem between the countries, just like the Abyssian crisis that they refused, they refused more and their popularity went downhill.
WORK CITED:
Packet 14
"Alpha History: Nazi Germany." Alpha History: Nazi Germany. Http://alphahistory.com/nazigermany/hitler-and-mussolini/, Mar.-Apr. 2009. Web. 01 Dec. 2013.
Reading-based questions
ReplyDelete1. How did diplomacy work in the era of self-interest?
As a result of the World Depression, many countries chose to isolate themselves and only work in their own interests. International cooperation was nigh unheard of and, including in terms of trade, so tariffs were raised to discourage cooperation and the international market and encourage their own economy when any trades were made. International news became a nuisance and governments ignored world problems and focused singularly on their own countries which was highly detrimental to both the international community and major world issues. Countries refused to enter into diplomatic relations with others and let the issues of other nations fester. (Depression 66)
2. How were the United Kingdom and France exposed as military weak?
While the two were relatively strong in terms of their military forces, both France and the U.K. were at a low point when the Manchurian crisis arose. The United Kingdom did not have a proper angle or distance at which to attack from, and their navy was bedraggled due to a recent mutiny in response to suggested cuts in pay. France was also suffering such scrutiny as they, like Britain, had insufficient bases and ports in the Far East to sufficiently address the conflict. Both countries also lacked any motivation on the part of their soldiers to do war. (Depression 69)
3. How were strong pacifist movements in Western countries making it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest?
Those in the West were experiencing social movements including pacifism due to the ideas of international relations and policy from the Depression. No country wished to start a war for any other reason than self-defense because to enter into war at this time would be suicide what with all economies and societies in ruin. These countries then hoped that the League of Nations would simply take care of the problems through diplomacy and not resort to any battles or war not in self-defense. (Depression 69)
4. Why were Germany and Japan encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory?
The German and Japanese intentions to develop their terrain were fueled by their great need to survive and pull themselves out of the general slump and economic pit-hole that the Depression presented them with. The League of Nations and other countries also did little to discourage their belligerent actions and sat by to let them continue with only a half-hearted reprimand. (Depression 69-70)
5. Why did Mussolini ally with Hitler?
Mussolini found, during the Abyssinian Crisis, that the U.K. and France would not aid him in his territorial pursuits for the sake of Italy. Hitler was the head of a powerful nation with similar interests and who had experienced similar obstacles. With Hitler and therefore Germany’s help, Italy was more confident in pushing forward with their plans of attainment. Hitler also gained reassurance as he was sure that France and Britain would not forcefully oppose Italy even when she was weak, giving Germany greater insurance in her own territorial campaign. (Depression 73)
6. Why was a strategic problem created for the British in the Mediterranean?
The U.K. wanted access to the Mediterranean because it held their essential alley passage to their vital territory of India: the Suez Canal. With Italy in opposition of Britain and in control of the Mediterranean, Britain was forced to journey more than twice as long around the Cape of Good Hope to reach India for trade and crisis response. Germany’s alliance with Italy only strengthened the two any attempt they could make to oppose the U.K. (Depression 72-73)
Source-based questions
ReplyDelete1. According to Source D, what were the issues before the League of Nations Assembly? What message is conveyed by Source E?
Source D argues that the issue before the League of Nations Assembly was the strength of “international morality” that is, that Italy’s aggressions are a threat to the independence and value of smaller stated and nations, and this equality and right is the greater issue. The Emperor defends his country and other countries in the face of aggressors that victimize them due to their lack of great size and power. The Emperor is shown as a strong figure in Source E as the image shows he is being heard equal to greater nations and deserves his claim to international equality and relevance. (Exam Practice 75-76)
2. Compare and contrast the views expressed in Sources A and B about the relations of their countries with the League of Nations.
Both France and Britain express in Sources B and A respectively their wish to comply with each other and the spirit and word of the Covenant of the League of Nations. Britain explains, in Source A, that she wishes that the settlement will be acceptable to “Italy, Abyssinia and the League itself” which she considered to be the objectively essential and relevant parties themselves. Source B however shows France to be of the opinion that, due to her previous friendly relationship with Italy, she ought to help this country in its aims more so than the League or Abyssinia, although she expressed an intention to cooperate fully with the U.K. in the talks. (Exam Practice 75)
3. With reference to their origin and purpose, assess the value and limitations of Sources C and D for historians studying the treatment of the Abyssinian crisis by the League of Nations.
Source C, which is an opinion piece on the pertinence of the League of Nation’s involvement with the Abyssinian crisis and references the opinion that the League attempts to continue to pacify and deal with Italy through further policy of sanctions which the author believes will not work. Chamberlain says in Source C that the League if not befitted to address the issue. The Emperor Selassie presents a differing opinion on Source D however, but his statements are intended for the League as his audience and will affect further negotiations and relations. He feels that the League both possesses the power to and ought to fight for the rights of more minor countries to end such territorial victimization. Selassie finds the issue at hand to be those rights he address ion Source D while Chamberlain, in Source C, finds the issue to be the policy of sanctions towards Italy to be the greater concern. (Exam Practice 75)
4. Using the sources and your own knowledge analyse the statement made in Source C that the Abyssinian crisis was a task imposed upon the League of Nations "that it was impossible to fulfill."
While the League possessed no military force to support its decisions or force Italy out of Abyssinia, it did, by my understanding, have an advantage of negotiation. The League of Nations was in a prime position to sit the parties involved down to politely listen to each other’s demands and opinions, If a diplomatic solution was to be reached, The League was the perfect setting. Various countries had goals and requests involving the Crisis that could be diplomatically addressed and resolved. Were these resolutions to be unsatisfactory to any country however, the League would have no way of dealing with any military conflicts that arose. (Exam Practice 75-76)
Sources used
"Depression and Threats to International Peace and Collective Security: Manchuria and Abyssinia 1935-6." N.p.: n.p., n.d. 66-73. Print. Noce Packet 14.1.
"Exam Practice: Source Analysis’’ N.p.: n.p., n.d. 75-76. Print. Noce Packet 14.2
Jack Roberts
Junior FanFan IB History Ms. Noce 1. How did diplomacy work in the era of self-interest? Diplomacy was not a good idea during the era of self-interest because nations weren't able to agree on things and come to peace. I think it just made the nations hate each other more. 2. How were the United Kingdom and France exposed as military weak? United Kingdom and Frances military was known as weak because during the Great Depression those nations used money they had for the army on other things. So their soldiers didn't have things like uniforms , also without money they weren't able to bring in more soldiers in to fight for them. 3. How were strong pacifist movements in western countries make it difficult to develop enthusiasm for collective security beyond an intellectual interest ? Strong pacifist movements in western countries were difficult because they didn't want to harm other nations while trying to protect themselves without trying to start another war.4. Why were Germany and Japan encouraged to continue their campaigns and expand their territory? Germany and Japan continued to expand their territory and campaigns because other nations were weak because of the Great Depression. Those two countries found an advantage and took it without any question.5. Why did Mussolini ally with HitlerMussolini ally with Hitler because the both wanted the same thing world domination. Also Hitler was the only one trying to help Mussolini when the United Kingdom and France turned their backs on him.6. Why was a strategic problems created for the British in the Mediterranean? The British had problems in the Mediterranean because one United Kingdom had military sea problems and Mussolini had a dream of creating a new empire and the British were 5,000 miles away.1. According to source D what were the issues before the League of Nations assembly? What message is conveyed by source E?Source D said that their should be equality between nationsBefore the League of Nations was assembled. The message in source E that is conveyed is nations shouldn't be too aggressive and everything and everybody should be equal.2. Compare and contrast the views expressed in source A and B about the relations of their countries with the League of Nations?Source A and B talks about how countries should come together to make one powerful nation around the world. Also says that nations should come to a agreement with each other.3. With reference to their origin and purpose assess the value and limitations of sources C and D for historians studying the treatment of the Abyssinian crisis by the League of Nations? Source C says how collective security didn't help stop wars and how the whole collective security idea was a fail. Source D talks about how their were issues before the League of Nations was created. It said that countries didn't have trust with one another. It also said that countries acquired independent countries.4. Using sources and you own knowledge analyze the statement made in sources C that the Abyssinian crisis was a task imposed upon the League of Nations " that it was impossible to fulfill?Nations thought that the league should have did something about the Abyssinian crisis like it was their job. Also the League of Nations was very powerful so they should have step in and handled the problem.Work cited :Packet 14
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