- Discuss, in one way for each, how geography has influenced the history of two specific countries or areas in Africa.
- (a) Give one reason why either Italy or Germany was late in acquiring a colonial empire. (b) Name one African colony acquired by Italy or Germany before 1914 and trace its history up to the present day.
- Show one difference in the way each of the following African nations achieved independence: (a) Nigeria (b) Algeria (c) Congo (d) Angola.
- (a) Define "colonial nationalism." (b) Show in two ways that colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world conditions. (c) Describe two grievances of African nationalists against the European empire builders.
- For Africa "independence is only the beginning." (a) Discuss two problems facing the independent African states. (b) Giving one argument to support your opinion, indicate whether the OAU will be effective in overcoming these problems. (c) Evaluate two other efforts by the African nations to overcome these problems.
- For each of the following, discuss one effect upon any newly independent African nation. You must name a specific nation and use a different one for each item: (a) tribalism (b) Sahara Desert (c) subsistence agriculture (d) lack of capital (e) high price of oil in the 1970s (f) exodus of white settlers.
Wednesday, April 9, 2014
Africa
The following essay questions will be accompanied by a reading I will provide you with in class tomorrow, Thursday, April 10th. I will move the due date for this week's blog to Monday, April 14th at 9:00 p.m.
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William Reis
ReplyDeleteIB History
Ms.Noce
4/11/14
1. Discuss, in one way for each, how geography has influenced the history of two specific countries or areas in Africa.
Most Countries in Africa throughout the long lasting years, the geography changed dramatically in some areas in the Continent of Africa, when i say it changed geographically, i meant as in, changes in the economy, the resources and the people. One good example is the country of Ethiopia, one very big change in this country was the government. This country went from Empire to Democratic state. Ethiopia was in state of Monarchy up till 1974 ruled by an emperor named Haile Selassie, this all changed in 1974 when military took over the empire making Ethiopia an Dictatorship country up till 1993. Then from 1993, a government of democracy was born. Another good example is the country of Ghana. Ghana is a country well known for its very rich and powerful resources. At some point in history, Ghana became the worlds largest gold and cocoa producer. With this benefit it generate tons of money for Ghana, making the country rich enough to make a “hydroelectric power plant” and more developing programs which helped the economy and income for the working population. This is how these two countries geographically impacted history.
2. (a) Give one reason why either Italy or Germany was late in acquiring a colonial empire. (b) Name one African colony acquired by Italy or Germany before 1914 and trace its history up to the present day.
I chose Germany as a country to talk about why they were late in acquiring a colonial empire. Africa back then, they weren't the most powerful continent in the world, the European countries saw countries in Africa as a way to expand land or gather more resources(because in Africa most countries are rich in resources!) which would be a good economy for their country. In 1914, Germany actually achieved to gain couple of Colonial Empires in Africa, Germany lost all those colonies after the defeat of World War One, which a treaty named ‘Treaty of Versailles’ demanded Germany to give back these taken over colonies back to its belonging countries. One African colony acquired by Italy was Ethiopia. Ethiopia was taken over by the Italians in 1936, at the end of World War Two, the Italians surrendered in the war, they surrendered by giving up their African Colonies which in case Ethiopia. Up to date, Ethiopia is an independent country under a democratic government.
3. Show one difference in the way each of the following African nations achieved independence: (a) Nigeria (b) Algeria (congo (d) Angola
Nigeria gain its independence with the help of the British. Up to 1960s, Nigeria approved the type of democracy that was used in the Britain government, this method was used to gain independence for the country, but in the country itself, it caused the country to go into civil war between states for almost 3 years because of the military regime. With time, it all came to an end when the military soon lost their power. Algeria gained Independence after 9 year of guerrilla warfare, they gained independence under France in 1962 under the “Gaulle” which was an speech made by general Charles de Gaulle claiming independence for Algeria. Congo was a country that fought the hardest for its independence. Gaining independence in 1960 caused the country to create rivalry between president, the premier, Belgian military also the involvement in the Cold War. An ungraceful way to maintain structure in the country. At last, Angola was under control of the Portuguese up till 1975. Portugal disengaged from Algeria in 1975 leaving the country with really not any type of government and with this being said it was just another way to maintain peace in the country.
4.(a) Define "colonial nationalism." (b) Show in two ways that colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world conditions. (c) Describe two grievances of African nationalists against the European empire builders.For African "independence is only the beginning." (a) Discuss two problems facing the independent African states. (b) Giving one argument to support your opinion, indicate whether the OAU will be effective in overcoming these problems. (c) Evaluate two other efforts by the African nations to overcome these problems.
ReplyDeleteColonial Nationalism means basically the amount of pride you have for that colony. Two ways that colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world condition was mainly the results or consequence that happened afterwards, When Europeans countries wanted these colonies located in Africa, it often led to civil war or the country trying to find for its independence, all of this left a mark in world history and its conditions. Africans nationalists did not appreciate the European running the African government. Nationalist in Africa urged that they really wanted “self-government” in their countries. Nationalism in Africa grew throughout the 1900s because nationalists simply didn’t like the way Europeans were ruling the country. Africans were being discriminated, both racial and religious wise. Also African worked hard to survive while they were being paid the minimum wage, this led to protests being hosted, but at the same time European nation saw Africa as a way to make their economy better. From my perspective the OAU (which stands for Organization of African Unity) seems like a very good union group for the African people, from the things they do and the things they talk about seems like they really want the best for the African population. When it comes to being effective resolving these issues Africa is having, i think the OAU are good enough to overcome these problems, but! I think its not an easy task, it would take some time to resolve problems.
5. For each of the following, discuss one effect upon any newly independent African nation. You must name a specific nation and use a different one for each item: (a) tribalism (b) Sahara Desert (c) subsistence agriculture (d) lack of capital (e) high price of oil in the 1970s (f) exodus of white settlers.
Tribalism in Angola occurs when Angola are on the “Road to Independence” Different tribes group in the country seems to have a hard time to keep in control after Portugal left the country on its own with really no type of government. Sahara Desert was well known by the European due to its very rich resources which according to history it was good for uranium, this was almost like gold for some European nations. Subsistence agriculture were not for all the countries, for example in Ethiopia. In 1970s Nigeria became a dominant in oil prices, selling oil at the highest price which led the government to creating projects but all of this was temporary in which the price dropped significantly in the 1980s. Many African nations lacked of capital for evolution in the country, they wanted to increase the prices for the item transportation and lower the price for imports coming into Africa, but on the other side, Africa also expects aid from international organizations.
WORK CITED:
"Part 4. Africa"
Question 4 and 5 are together into one question by accident which is question 4.
DeleteVictor Harris
ReplyDeleteMs.Noce
4/13/14
I.B History 11
1. Discuss in one way for each, how geography has influenced the history of two specific countries or areas in Africa.
-Africa was very populated and was broken to areas within Africa. The changes geography wise were the people, road to independence, government and economy. One was Algeria were their "20% percent Berber and 80% Arab". This area was in the French possession at first, which leads to the road of independence. In 1962 Algeria got their independence from the French, after nine years of "guerrilla warfare". Government wise wasn't as good because of terror attacks, which "tens of thousand" people had died. This aspect was an bad influence cause on how much people had died. Lastly the economy, which the government was very powered on iron,steelworks, oil refineries and gas liquefaction plants. This was good to build the economy up and sell to others. Another one was Chad, which was a former French Colony. Chad is located in the North Central Africa, and it's features were "desert-like in the North and grassy in the South". Even the people that lived their were divided between lightskins and darkskins. Chad got it's independence in 1960, but also got into a fight with Libya because of a strip called the "Aozou Strip",in which 1973 was occurred by Libya. The government wanted to make Chad a unity, instead of being separate. In 1962, they got into a conflict with Libya and France, but at least Chad was one-party now. And lastly the economy, even though Chad still had "petroleum". This was for exporting cotton, so I'll say with the new changes, there were problems with the new changes.
2.(a)Give one reason why either Italy or Germany was late in acquiring a colonial empire.(b) Name one African colony acquired by Italy or Germany before 1914 and trace it''s history up to the present day.
-Well back then Africa, wasn't as strong or powerful;but did have resources like minerals and gold. This would of been good for trades and goods to build your nation up, but mostly army wise. Germany did control some areas i Africa but was having an arms race with Britain. In the World War One era, Britain did have more of an advantage over Germany because they were scrambling to get land. But even so Germany lost their territories she had because of the Treaty of Versailles, were Germany was blamed for the war and lost everything. In the colony that got taken over was Ethiopia which was invaded by the Italy army. But after the World War Two, Italy had lost which at the end Ethiopia got their independence. Going into the present time Ethiopia has a Democrate government, and this was established in 1993 so kind of recent.
3.Show one difference in the way each of the following African nations achieved independence (a)Nigeria (b)Algeria (c)Congo (d)Angola
ReplyDelete-For Nigeria independence, it was in the 1960's were they had their independence. What Nigeria did, is used "British-type parliamentary democracy". But the problem with this that is also lead to three years of civil war. For Algeria, they received independence in 1962 from nine years of "guerilla warfare". So basically had to fight for their independence. Congo also know as "Belgian Congo", had the most" bloodiest passages to independence in Africa; as the packet said. Even though Belgium gave Congo it's independence also had rivalry's with Premeir Patrice Cumumbas and President Joseph. Also it's troop fought in the cold war. And lastly Angola, the only way they got their independence because Portugal left Angola. At the end of this South Africa was mostly ruled by whites.
4.(a)Define"colonial nationalism".(b)Show in two ways that colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world conditions.(c) Describe two grievances of African nationalists against the European empire builders.
-Colonial nationalism is basically having your own colony, well a sub army in your nation. This means you have pride and respect on what your colony can do. Two ways the colonial nationalism outgrowth of world conditions are by doing battles and for each colony wanted independence. Like I said having pride and respect so Africa; and their sub colonies wanted to fight for their rights. The two grievance of Africa nationalists against the Europeans, were the Africans were tired of being discriminated and getting controlled because before parts of Africa got independence, they were controlled by European Empires.
5. For Africa "independence is only the beginning".(a)Discuss two problems facing the independent African states.(b)Giving one argument to support your opinion, indicate whether the OAU will be effective in overcoming these problems.(c) Evaluate two other efforts by the African nations to overcome these problems.
-Two problems I can see from independence African states is maintaining power and the battles that can go on. Reason I say this because most independent states didn't agree on a secure government which lead to battles and also trying to maintain your ground. If you wanted a area and if another Africa state wanted it had to battle. The OAU means Organization of African Unity, and to me the OAU should help the problems that happen through the states. Basically the OAU, wanted to help the African people. If it didn't help would compare to the League of Nations. Two ways to overcome problems is by the OAU and uniting as a group which would be hard with the bad blood with each other; for example Libya and Chad fighting over a piece of land.
6.For each of the following discuss one effect upon any upon any newly independent African nation and use a different one for each item (a) Tribalism (b)Sahara Desert (c) subsistence agriculture (d) lack of capital(e)high price of oil in the 1970s (f) exodus of white settlers
ReplyDelete-Tribalism came from Angola on their "Road to Independence". This is were Angola was struggling for control in their independence. The Sahara Desert was the"major land Barrier to the movement of African people", but also in the desert was resources or you can either trade. There were a lot of Agriculture produce for example rubber,cacao,coffee and cotton. The lack of capital came from prices racing because on Africa was growing. The white settlers came from Portugal from most living their and Nigeria for the conflict on seats because their wasn't enough white seats.
Work Cited:
Packet Part 4, Africa
1.Discuss, in one way for each, how geography has influenced the history of two specific countries or areas in Africa.
ReplyDelete- Well the geography of Africa has influenced many areas of Africa due to its positioning and large continent. The southern part of Africa there is a lot of sand and is named the Sahara Desert. This area of Africa was supposedly a major land barrier to the movement of African people. Farther under the Sahara Desert lies a tropical area containing grasslands, rain forest and jungles. In the northern area it borders the Mediterranean sea, which in history has been access to European ships.
2.(a) Give one reason why either Italy or Germany was late in acquiring a colonial empire. (b) Name one African colony acquired by Italy or Germany before 1914 and trace its history up to the present day.
- Italy was late to acquiring a colonial empire because it was a late starter. I’m guessing it was due to the same reason Germany got started late, which was because of the late unification. But when it did acquire land, it was through annexation for Ethiopia. Italy had controlled Libya before 1914. Libya is now an independent state. It had gained it’s independence through Britain sort of. They had the original idea that Libya should not be under Italian control. A constitution was put up so Libya could become a free independent state.
3.Show one difference in the way each of the following African nations achieved independence: Nigeria, Algeria, Congo, and Angola.
- Algeria fought nine years of guerrilla warfare against the French in order to achieve its independence. Angola received their independence because Portugal withdrew/left the country. Congo had received their independence from Belgium in 1960. Nigeria had received their independence through the British because Nigeria sort of adopted their type of democracy. But doing that caused Nigeria to have a civil war for three years.
4.(a) Define “colonial nationalism.” (b) Show in two ways that colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world conditions. (c) Describe two grievances of African nationalists against the European empire builders.
ReplyDelete- Since nationalism means your patriotic feeling (pride towards your nation) I’m guessing colonial nationalism is your sense of pride towards your colony. Colonial nationalism was an outgrowth of world conditions due to the Africans wanting independence like other nations they seen free themselves from European control. This often led to guerilla warfare or civil wars. An unfair treatment the African nationalist had towards the European builders was that the work and them taking their resources was only benefitting the Europeans and not the natives. Another unfair treatment the native nationalists sought unfair by the European builders were that they (the Europeans) came to Africa and began to discriminate against the natives.
5.For Africa “independence is only the beginning.” (a) Discuss two problems facing the independent African states. (b) Giving one argument to support your opinion, indicate whether the OAU will be effective in overcoming these problems. (c) Evaluate two other efforts by the African nations to overcome these problems.
- Well the Africans did fight for their independence and won it from the countries that had control over them. But a lot of them struggled after with order because they didn’t have any type of government to control everything once the European countries left. Another problem was that the tribes in those areas that became independent fought to become the head of the government, which was a problem. I believe the OAU will be successful in overcoming these problems with the Africans and restoring order, of course I think they can do that. To be reasonable I don’t think they will be able to have the government system as nice as the Europeans would have I (not saying what they were doing when the areas weren’t independent) I’m just saying it would probably take some time to complete. Any other efforts I believe could help better the government of the new independent states are if they take after and follow the footsteps of a European’s countries democracy.
6.For each of the following, discuss one effect upon any newly independent African nation. You must name a specific nation and use a different one for each item: tribalism, Sahara Desert, subsistence agriculture, lack of capital, high price of oil in the 1970s, exodus of white settlers.
- In my opinion, tribalism best suits the nation Angola. This is because when Portugal left the nation leaving them independent with no form of government, three tribes (being armed) struggled for control. For the Sahara Desert, it greatly affected the Egyptians. The Sahara Desert affected them greatly because it separated them from the rest of the Africans not only geographically but ethnically also. The people who lived in Egypt were not Blacks but they were Arabs. The exodus of white settlers I would say belongs to the cooler areas of Africa. It said that they were mostly found in the south or near the Mediterranean Sea. The lack of capital goes to Congo. This is because once they got independence the area struggled and began to face many problems. The high price of oil could be found in any of the nations in Algeria, Libya, and Nigeria. Subsistence agriculture could be anywhere south of Africa where deserts, rain forest, and grasslands could be found.
Workcited:
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/339574/Libya/46563/Independence
Africa Packet
Junior Fanfan
ReplyDeleteMs.noce
IB history
1. Discuss, in one way for each, how geography has influenced the history of two specific countries or areas in Africa.
The geography has changed Africa over the year for so much. The geography of Africa brought attention to them and made people want to colonize it. For example Kenya was first made up of 95% of blacks. But now they have 80,000 Asians, and 20,000 whites. Also Kenya changed their government to democratic because jomo Kenyatta was a political party leader in a group called Kenya African national union (KANU) and he became president. Ghana was Africa's place for rich resources because they were producing a lot of gold and cocoa. So then made Ghana money from outside countries. Also with the money they were able to build a hydroelectric power plant.
2. (a) Give one reason why either Italy or Germany was late in acquiring a colonial empire. (b) Name one African colony acquired by Italy or Germany before 1914 and trace its history up to the present day.
Italy was late in acquiring a colonial empire because Italy wasn't really united as a whole and it took them really long to come together and they finally did in 1861. By 1861 it was already too late to acquiring land because all the other countries were already exploring Africa and taking what they need and colonizing them. Mussolini conquered Ethiopia in 1914 and ever since then things been going good for example Ethiopia and Liberia where the only two countries that stayed independent during the colonization of Africa.
3.Show one difference in the way each of the following African nations achieved independence: (a) Nigeria (b) Algeria (congo (d) Angola.
Nigeria was able to gain their independence with the help of the British. The British gave them the idea if a democracy. But to get Nigeria to a democracy government they fought in a civil war for 3 years because the central government didn't want it to happen. Algeria gain their independence because of nine years of guerrilla warfare and France gave them their independence. Congo gaining their independence was one of the bloodiest because they went to war with many people for example " rivalry between premier Patrice lumumba, president Joseph kasavubu and they also fought in the Cold War. Angola got their independence because Portugal withdrew from their land in 1975 and left them no type of government so they formed their own based on the tribes.
4. (a) Define "colonial nationalism." (b) Show in two ways that colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world conditions. (c) Describe two grievances of African nationalists against the European empire builders.
ReplyDeleteA colonial nationalism is a person who owns a colony and had a army. Also had faith in their colony. The way colonial nationalism was outgrowth in Africa was by battles happening and they were also fighting for independence. The grievances was the African people because they were tired of being discriminated and just wanted independence.
5. For African "independence is only the beginning." (a) Discuss two problems facing the independent African states. (b) Giving one argument to support your opinion, indicate whether the OAU will be effective in overcoming these problems. (c) Evaluate two other efforts by the African nations to overcome these problems.
The two problems facing independent African countries was that some didn't know what type of government they wanted for example " Portugal withdrew from Angola late in 1975 leaving the country independent but without any official government. The other problem was trying to rebuild their economy. The OAU was there to help Africa and I think if they had a problem than the OAU would be able to solve it. Two other ways would be that nations could come together and help rebuild their homeland. Also that the OAU makes sure no conflict happens.
6. For each of the following, discuss one effect upon any newly independent African nation. You must name a specific nation and use a different one for each item: (a) tribalism (b) Sahara Desert (c) subsistence agriculture (d) lack of capital (e) high price of oil in the 1970s (f) exodus of white settlers.
Tribalism happens in Angola because different tribes come together to try and form a good government. The Sahara desert had many resources that the Africans found useful and even the Europeans. The agriculture in Africa was rubber, cacao, coffee, and most important cotton. The more Africa was growing was when the prices started rising up. That caused the lack of the capital. The exodus if white people came when white settlers settled in Angola and had families with the African people.
Work cited: part 4 africa
Jerilys Santiago
ReplyDeleteIB World History
Ms.Noce
Africa
#1) Discuss, in one way for each, how geography has influenced the history of two specific countries or areas in Africa.
- Geography has influenced the history of Chad and Congo. Chad was a colony of France at some point in history. It is located in the North Central Africa. It’s like a desert in the northern part and grassy in the southern part. It’s population is divided between Arabs and Africans-the number is about 7 million people. Because of its location, Chad and Libya claimed the Aozou Strip. This caused a lot of serious fights between the two. Also, because of its location Chad has security of petroleum and it exports cotton. Congo was formerly known as Zaire. Its population is about 49 million people who most of them are blacks. Congo’s economy largely depends on farming and mining. It exports cobalt, copper, diamonds, tin, and uranium. In addition, most of its mines are in Shaba.
#2) (a) Give one reason why either Italy or Germany was late in acquiring a colonial empire. (b) Name one African colony acquired by Italy or Germany before 1914 and trace its history up to the present day.
- Part a: One reason why Germany was late in acquiring a colonial empire was because of its defeat during the First World War. In 1914, it had control of several African colonies but these colonies were distributed as payments for its defeat.
Part b: An African colony acquired by Italy before 1914 was Libya. But after its defeat during the Second World War, Italy surrendered all of its African possessions I assume as payments just like Germany. Today. Libya is an independent country since 1951.
#3) Show one difference in the way each of the following African nations achieved independence: (a) Nigeria (b) Algeria (congo (d) Angola
- Nigeria gained independence in 1960. It used to belong to Great Britain. They followed a “British-type parliamentary democracy.” The problem with this was that it caused a three year civil war. Eventually after a lot of fighting and many struggles, Nigeria was independent and it was led by a civilian. Algeria gained independence in 1962 from France after many years of guerilla warfare. Congo gained independence in 1960 and it had one of the bloodiest pathways to independence. Angola gained independence from Portugal in the late 1975. It was finally independent but now it had no government. After a civil war, both sides agreed to work for a democratic and single armed force place.
#4) (a)Define"colonial nationalism".(b)Show in two ways that colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world conditions.(c) Describe two grievances of African nationalists against the European empire builders.
- Part a: Colonial nationalism is being very extremely patriotic for the colony. In other words, it means being very proud of the colony.
Part b: Two ways that colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world conditions were the results of it. For example, many civil wars or guerilla warfare.
Part c: The two grievances of African nationalists against the European empire builders were that they were discriminated and they wanted to be free and independent.
#5) For Africa "independence is only the beginning".(a)Discuss two problems facing the independent African states.(b)Giving one argument to support your opinion, indicate whether the OAU will be effective in overcoming these problems.(c) Evaluate two other efforts by the African nations to overcome these problems.
- Part a: The two problems facing the independent African states are securing professional personnel and improving living standards. Most Africans lived in poverty and many city workers were unemployed therefore, many people died from hunger. Before Africa was independent, Europe dominated it. So most Africans were not trained as doctors, educators, etc. Since Africa had shortage of professional people it was harder to be a strong country.
Part b: The OAU would be effective in overcoming these problems because they were a good group of motivated Africans trying to make Africa a better place.
ReplyDeletePart c: The two efforts by the African nations to overcome these problems are establishing one-party states and welcoming foreign investments.
#6) For each of the following, discuss one effect upon any newly independent African nation. You must name a specific nation and use a different one for each item: (a) tribalism (b) Sahara Desert (c) subsistence agriculture (d) lack of capital (e) high price of oil in the 1970s (f) exodus of white settlers.
- The effect of tribalism in Angola because since Angola was left with no government the tribes were out of control. The Sahara Desert had a good effect because it had very good resources like uranium. The effects of lack of capital, high price of oil in the 1970s, subsistence agriculture and exodus of white settlers all had an effect on the Africas because it slowed down their chances of improving the country.
work cited : packet “ Part 4. Africa
"Libya Profile." BBC News. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014.
dictionary.com
Germairy Roman
ReplyDeleteMs. Noce
IB History 11
4/14/14
1. Discuss, in one way for each, how geography has influenced the history of two specific countries or areas in Africa.
The country of Nigeria has the most people out of all of Africa containing 110 million people. Nigeria contains ethnic groups and the official language is English. About 50% of the population is illiterate. The major ethnic groups are the Hausa, the Yoruba, and the Ibo. Nigeria got independence in 1960 and had a British-type parliamentary democracy. Nigeria was not successful and unsuccessful with their economy. In the 1970's Nigeria was a major oil producer which gave them a lot of money. Then in the 1980's the price for oil dropped and Nigeria was in foreign debt which they weren't able to pay. The Sudanese population contains 33 million people and 52% are illiterate. The official language in Sudan is Arabic. In 1956 Sudan got independence. The blacks in southern Sudan wanted to form their own independent nation and they got that in 1972 after the end of a civil war. Sudan was ruled between civilian and military governments. Sudan also faced speconomic issues. Sudan as well as Ethiopia suffered because if famine during 1984-1985. Cotton which was Sudan's major crop had low prices which didn't help their economy. Sudan also had foreign debts because of the high price of petroleum and food imports.
2. (a) Give one reason why either Italy or Germany was late in acquiring a colonial empire. (b) Name one African colony acquired by Italy or Germany before 1914 and trace its history up to the present day.
(A) Germany was late on acquiring a colonial empire because of their defeat in World War I. They were severely weakened by that war and were in no condition to acquire a colonial empire at that time. I find that Italy was also defeated in a war like Germany but this time it was World War II. Being defeated in WWII cause Italy to give up all of their African possessions. (B) An African colony Italy acquired before 1914 was Ethiopia.After WWII, Italy had to give up Ethiopia. When Italy was defeated in WWII Ethiopia was able to become independent again.
3. Show one difference in the way each of the following African nations achieved independence: (a) Nigeria (b) Algeria (c) Congo (d) Angola.
Nigeria received independence in 1960 and they decided to adopt a British-type parliamentary democracy. Algeria achieved independence after nine years of guerrilla warfare. In 1962, Algeria got independence from France under de Gaulle. Congo was given independence from Belgium in 1960. Congo's independence came as a surprise to its people because it was so sudden and they didn't have time to prepare. Angola became independent when Portugal left in 1975, but Angola didn't have an official government.
4. (a) Define "colonial nationalism." (b) Show in two ways that colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world conditions. (c) Describe two grievances of African nationalists against the European empire builders.
(A) Looking at the packet I would guess that colonial nationalism is not having only pride for one's country but also being willing to protect it. (B) One huge outgrowth of world conditions was WWII. WWII allowed many African countries to gain their independence. Also the way the world reacted to Africa's situation is colonial nationalism because the world thought imperialism was evil and thought Africa should have independence. The world felt this way because the people of Africa were passionate about their countries. (C) I believe one of the biggest grievances of African nationalists against the European empire builders was that they weren't able to easily gain independence. Another grievance was all the injustice they were facing. African countries would be overtaken by European countries like Germany and Italy which wasn't fair.
5. For Africa "independence is only the beginning." (a) Discuss two problems facing the independent African states. (b) Giving one argument to support your opinion, indicate whether the OAU will be effective in overcoming these problems. (c) Evaluate two other efforts by the African nations to overcome these problems.
ReplyDelete(A) One problem facing the independent African states is their economy. African countries experienced famine so that could be troubling if they don't have help from other countries while they're independent. Another problem could be not having allies. Since African countries were gaining independence they probably won't trust other countries because of the risk of getting their independence taken away. (B) I think the OAU would be effective I'm overcoming these problems because they meet every six months to discuss the problems I listed earlier. They meet to settle disputes that arise in Africa as well as economics and foreign policy. (C) Efforts for bettering the economy are improving agricultural methods and making industries. Africa also puts effort in developing mineral resources. An effort put forth by Africa to creating allies was creating the OAU group. The OAU looks into foreign policy which is coming up with plans of how to deal with a certain country or more than one country.
6. For each of the following, discuss one effect upon any newly independent African nation. You must name a specific nation and use a different one for each item: (a) tribalism (b) Sahara Desert (c) subsistence agriculture (d) lack of capital (e) high price of oil in the 1970s (f) exodus of white settlers.
ETHIOPIA: (A) Ethiopia has several ethnic groups considering it has a population of 58 million people. It's largest ethnic groups are the Oromo and the Ambara. (B) I'm guessing the Sahara desert wasn't of much use to Ethiopians because it was a barrier to African countries. (C) After many African countries became independent, prices for goods had to be raised to higher prices in order to strengthen the economy. (D) Since Ethiopia is Africa's oldest independent country it would make sense that there is a lack of capitals it wasn't until 1974 that Ethiopia became a monarchy and was ruled by an emperor. (E) Since Ethiopia experienced famine they had to find a way to get their economy back on top. Setting high prices on their resources was a solution. (F) After being an Italian colony (Eritrea), Ethiopia was able to become independent after going through a war for independence. Also Italy had to surrender Ethiopia after WWII.
Work Cites - Part 4 Africa packet
Dianna Colon
ReplyDeleteIB History 11
Ms.Noce
4/14/14
1. Discuss, in one way for each, how geography has influenced the history of two specific countries or areas in Africa.
- Two countries that geography has influenced are Algeria and Chad. Algeria is a country in Africa that is in possession of former French. In Algeria, 80% of the people are Arab and the other 20% are Berber. Algeria was a one-party state and had many large farms, mines, and factories. There was guerrilla warfare used in Algeria to fight for power. Thousands of people passed away due to terrorist attacks. The Algerian government enlarged the construction of oil refiners, iron and steel works, and gas liquefaction plants. Chad is a country in Africa that was known as former French colony. In Chad, there are light-skinned Arabs, and black Africans that added up to 7 million people. About 52% of the people in Chad are illiterate. It is grassy in the southern Chad and desert-like in the northern Chad. Chad’s main selling/trading good is cotton and has accumulation of petroleum.
2. (a) Give one reason why either Italy or Germany was late in acquiring a colonial empire. (b) Name one African colony acquired by Italy or Germany before 1914 and trace its history up to the present day.
- The fact that it took Germany a while to come together as a whole made the risk of taking over colonies be detained. Since Germany got defeated in WW1, it made them lose the colonies they took over. (b) Germany acquired Togoland. In order to support the export trade, Germany developed cocoa beans, palm products, rubber, and cotton. In 1914, the Gold Coast (Britain) and Dahomey (French) conquered Togoland. As the Treaty of Versailles after WW1 states, Togoland was taken from Germany and split between the French and the British.
3. Show one difference in the way each of the following African nations achieved independence: (a) Nigeria (b) Algeria (c) Congo (d) Angola.
- Nigeria achieved independence by adopting a British-type parliamentary democracy. They gained independence in 1960. (b) Algeria achieved independence by from the Gaulle in 1962 after fighting nine years of guerrilla warfare. (c) Congo achieved independence by having a really bloody path. In 1960, Belgium suddenly decided to give Congo their independence. (d) Angola achieved independence by Portugal withdrawing from Angola in 1975. They did not leave Angola with a government, but they still became independent.
4. (a) Define "colonial nationalism." (b) Show in two ways that colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world conditions. (c) Describe two grievances of African nationalists against the European empire builders.
- Colonial nationalism is the pride in the colony that a nation controls. (b) Two ways that colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world conditions was the many different battles that were fought through out the wars such as: civil wars and guerrilla warfare. (c) Two grievances of African nationalists against European empire builders were that they wanted to have independence and they were being discriminated.
5. For Africa "independence is only the beginning." (a) Discuss two problems facing the independent African states. (b) Giving one argument to support your opinion, indicate whether the OAU will be effective in overcoming these problems. (c) Evaluate two other efforts by the African nations to overcome these problems.
ReplyDelete- Two problems facing the independent African states was the process of gaining independence and the fact that some countries would not have a government. (b) OAU stands for Organization of African Unity. I think that the AOU will be affective in overcoming these problems because it was an organization made to help the Africans. (c) Two other efforts by the African nations to overcome these problems were by making money to make development projects and making elections.
6. For each of the following, discuss one effect upon any newly independent African nation. You must name a specific nation and use a different one for each item: (a) tribalism (b) Sahara Desert (c) subsistence agriculture (d) lack of capital (e) high price of oil in the 1970s (f) exodus of white settlers.
- Tribalism is an effect in Angola because there were three armed groups that were based on tribes divisions and struggles for control. (b) The Sahara Desert was a territory in the northwest coast of Africa. Spain was the ruler of this territory and she withdrew in 1976. This caused the territory to be split between Morocco and Mauritania. (c) Subsistence agriculture such as: cocoa beans, rubber, cotton, and etc. were used by Germany to support an export trade. (d) The lack of capital is an effect in Chad because cotton brought low prices. (e) High price of oil in the 1970s helped Nigeria get money, make projects, and make the economy prosper. (f) Exodus of white settlers is an effect in Kenya because the population growth rate was cute.
Source: Part 4. Africa Packet
http://www.stamp-collecting-world.com/germancolonies_togo.html
Jalexis Ruiz
ReplyDeleteMs.Noce
IB History
1. Discuss, in one way for each, how geography has influenced the history of two specific countries or areas in Africa.
Nigeria- It is the twice the size of the US in cali. It shares land with Benin , Chad, and Cameroon. Geography has influenced Nigeria because of it’s landscape and population.
Ethiopia- Located on the Horn of Africa. They say that the elevation is “high”. Geography has influenced Ethiopia because it has a high central “plateau” meaning like a lot of land.
2. (a) Give one reason why either Italy or Germany was late in acquiring a colonial empire. (b) Name one African colony acquired by Italy or Germany before 1914 and trace its history up to the present day.
(A) Germany was late in acquiring a colonial empire because it all of their colonies where there enemies , then came the treaty of versailles and finally took it away. (B) Ethiopia was a colony acquired by Italy. The reason for that was because the ethiopians had power of the italians. Then Italy finally ended up giving up in World War 2 and ethiopia continued to still be in control but they are like very independent they did things on their own thats why they were so powerful.
3. Show one difference in the way each of the following African nations achieved independence: (a) Nigeria (b) Algeria (c) Congo (d) Angola.
Nigeria- As I seen when I looked up how they achieved independence was from “united Kingdom”. Nigeria was divide in half between christians. They were very powerful they took over south Africa.
Algeria- They gained their independence from the war with France.
Congo- They were given their independence from Belgian. But I see it as they weren't ready for their independence because Belgian still wanted to have some part of their independence because they felt like congo wasnt ready to have that all too themselves.
Angola- They struggled to get theirs. They had to do a lot of things to get their independence like for example “ stopping the military action” so that there wouldn’t be a delay on the independence.
4. (a) Define "colonial nationalism." (b) Show in two ways that colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world conditions. (c) Describe two grievances of African nationalists against the European empire builders.
ReplyDelete(A) Colonial means pertaining to a colony and Nationalism means spirit. So to me I say that colonial nationalism means having spirit of your colony or colonies. (B) In Africa colonial nationalism was an outgrowth of world conditions because they just mainly wanted to gain their own independence. (C) Two grievances of Africans nationalist that are against the European empire builders were that the people wanted to be free and independent.
5. For Africa "independence is only the beginning." (a) Discuss two problems facing the independent African states. (b) Giving one argument to support your opinion, indicate whether the OAU will be effective in overcoming these problems. (c) Evaluate two other efforts by the African nations to overcome these problems.
(A) The African state had insecurities with their independence and people were dying from hunger from not having a job to help them. (B) I think the OAU will be effective in overcoming these problems because they would want to just have their independence without having any other troubles in their ways thats what I think. (C)I think what will overcome these problems is if Africans let people give them a hand. Let them help so that help can have good jobs and have money so they won't die from hunger.
6. For each of the following, discuss one effect upon any newly independent African nation. You must name a specific nation and use a different one for each item: (a) tribalism (b) Sahara Desert (c) subsistence agriculture (d) lack of capital (e) high price of oil in the 1970s (f) exodus of white settlers.
Tribalism came from angola that is when they were struggling for their indepence. Sahara Desert was the “major land barrier to the movement of african people” and they also did trades their as well. Subsistence agriculture was rubber, coffee, and cacao but not every place they used those things. Lack of capital was because the high raise price of the oil. Exodus of the white settlers was when they came together with the Africans and had family they became united.
work cited:
Africa packet
Stephanie Santiago
ReplyDeleteApril 13, 2014
IB History
Ms. Noce
AFRICA
1. Discuss, in one way for each, how geography has influenced the history of two specific countries or areas in Africa.
Nigeria- Geography has influenced Nigeria by trading; it was very popular especially by Europeans which created ports to slave trade to the U.S. which later changed to trading products instead of slaves. The British government had influence Nigeria for by having power over them and making them able to have their own independence.
Morocco- The geography in Morocco has been influenced by control, they were controlled by many but France was much known since they recognized them as part of their sphere of influence. Morocco had been protected by the French.
2. (A) Give one reason why either Italy or Germany was late in acquiring a colonial empire. (b) Name one African colony acquired by Italy or Germany before 1914 and trace its history up to the present day.
Italy was late in acquiring a colonial empire simply because they joined to late in colonization unlike the rest of the countries. This reflected in how late they had united as a country while other colonizers had relationships with Africa from way back and Italy really didn’t have any involvement with them.
Ethiopia was acquired by Italy around 1936, well more like invaded by Italy. Italians wanted to defeat them but Ethiopia ended up getting their independence back.
3. Show one difference in the way each of the following African nations achieved independence: (a) Nigeria (b) Algeria (c) Congo (d) Angola.
(a)Nigeria: Nigeria was split between 12 states after being adopted by Britain parliamentary democracy, by 1979 joining a new constitution. Nigeria had many factories which helped them get resources.
(b) Algeria: Algeria had become a one party state, they had thousands of people killed due to an attack by terrorists.
(c) Congo: Congo wasn’t ready to for independence which was given by Belgium. They had several conflicts and wanted power by getting rid of Zaire.
(d) Angola: Angola was left independent by the Portuguese but they didn’t have a government which was crazy.
4. (a) Define “Colonial Nationalism.” (b) Show in two ways that colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world conditions. (c) Describe two grievances of African nationalists against the European empire builders.
ReplyDelete(a)Colonial Nationalism is basically having pride of your colony.
(b)In Africa Colonial Nationalism was an outgrowth of world conditions simply because the resources they received from other countries helped them and vise versa but what they really wanted was to gain their own independence like the rest of the countries.
(c) Nationalist named Joseph Mobutu had taken control of a well-prepared military and renamed “Democratic Republic of the Congo” to Zaire.
5. For Africa “independence is only the beginning”. (a) Discuss two problems facing the independent African states. (b) Giving one argument to support your opinion, indicate whether the OAU will be effective in overcoming these problems. (c) Evaluate two other efforts by the African nations to overcome these problems.
(a)Two problems Africa faced while seeking independence were securing professional personnel and Maintaining Popular Government. Only some Africans were allowed to train for specific professions, that was very unfair for the Africans because they were limited to working. Africans suffered due to colonies stopping their self-government which destroyed their societies.
(b)I think the OAU will be effective in overcoming these problems because they will settle their differences peacefully and will work on different ways to end the conflicts within.
(c) Two efforts which will overcome these problems for the Africans is allowing investments from other countries and creating one-party states.
6.For each of the following, discuss one effect upon any newly independent African nation. You must name a specific nation and use a different one for each item: (a) tribalism (b) Sahara Desert (c) subsistence agriculture (d) lack of capital (e) high price of oil in 1970s (f) exodus of white settlers.
(a) Tribalism has developed from Angola, it was build to unity between nations. (b) the Sahara Desert has came from Africa. (c)Subsistence agriculture involved different resources such as: rubber, cacao, coffee, and cotton. (d) The lack of capital was an effect in Chad since cotton brought low prices. (e) High price of oil in the 1970s helped Nigeria better the economy (f) Exodus of white settlers was an effect on Kenya due to the population growth rate.
Sources:
http://geography.about.com/od/moroccomaps/a/morocco-geograpghy.htm
http://geography.about.com/od/nigeriamaps/a/nigeria-geography.htm
http://nigerdeltapolitics.wordpress.com/2012/11/08/italian-colonization-in-africa/
Dimas A. Amezquita
ReplyDeleteIB History
Mrs. Noce
April 14, 2014
1. Discuss, in one way for each, how geography has influenced the history of two specific countries or areas in Africa.
- Many countries in Africa throughout many years, its geography changed so much in some of the areas in Africa, by changing it’s geographically, economy, resources and the people. One example was the country of Ethiopia that really changed so much in their government. It was first an Empire at first, but it later changed to a Democratic state. Ethiopia was a state of Monarchy in 1974 that was ruled by an emperor named Haile Selassie, but it all changed because in that time the military took over the empire that made Ethiopia a Dictatorship country. Then in 1993, democracy was born in Africa. For example Ghana, which was a country that was well know of its rich and powerful resources that they were known as the world’s largest gold and cocoa producing country. It generated a lot of money for Ghana and, was able to develop many other programs that helped with their economy and income for the working population.
2. Give one reason why either Italy or Germany was late in acquiring a colonial empire. (b) Name one African colony acquired by Italy or Germany before 1914 and trace its history up to the present day.
- Back then, Africa was not the most powerful continent in the world, but the European countries really think that Africa was good way to expand their land and get a lot of resources because Africa was known around the world as good rich place for resources and the European countries knew that it would help with their economy. In 1914, Germany gained a couple of Colonial Empires in Africa, which Germany lost all of its colonies after they got defeated during World War One because, the Treaty of Versailles ordered Germany to give back the colonies that they had taken away to its belonging countries. Ethiopia was colonized by Italy in 1936, but at the end of the war Italy surrendered and with they had to give back their African Colonies to the African countries, so Ethiopia was not colonized by them anymore and they were now an independent country with a democratic government.
3. Show one difference in the way each of the following African nations achieved independence: (a) Nigeria (b) Algeria (c) Congo (d) Angola
- Nigeria was able to get their independence with the help of Great Britain. Nigeria approved democracy into their government, which it was the same type of government that Britain was using for their country. This type of method was a way of gaining independence for Nigeria, but it caused Nigeria to go into a civil war between other states for about 3 years because of military regime. Throughout the time, it was coming to an end when the military was losing their power. Algeria gained their independence after a long 9 years of guerrilla warfare. They were able to gain their independence under France in 1962, which there a speech was called “Gaulle” that was made by General Charles de Gaulle and in his speech he declared independence in Algeria. Congo fought the hardest for their independence because gaining independence in 1960 caused a big rivalry between the president, the premier, and Belgian, which it’s military, was involved with the Cold War. It was a clumsy way of maintaining the structure of its country. Later, the Portuguese finally was controlling Angola up till 1975. Portugal detach themselves from Algeria in that time, leaving Algeria with no type of government, but it was still a way of creating or maintaining peace in the country.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDelete4. (a) Define "colonial nationalism." (b) Show in two ways that colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world conditions. (c) Describe two grievances of African nationalists against the European empire builders.
ReplyDelete- Colonial Nationalism means the pride of someone’s colony. The two ways that colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world conditions was the results of something happening afterwards or its consequence on a situation. Europeans wanted the colonies that were located in Africa that led to a civil war and, the countries were trying to get their independence and it all led a mark in world history. African nationalist really wanted themselves to be self-governed in their countries. Nationalism in Africa increased throughout the 1900’s because the nationalist in Africa did not like the way Europeans were trying to rule their countries.
5. For Africa "independence is only the beginning." (a) Discuss two problems facing the independent African states. (b) Giving one argument to support your opinion, indicate whether the OAU will be effective in overcoming these problems. (c) Evaluate two other efforts by the African nations to overcome these problems.
- Problems were happening in the independent African states because of discrimination, with both racism and religion happening in Africa. Another problem was Africans thought they were getting paid minimum wage even though they were working hard to survive for themselves and for their families. This all led to many protests that the European states did not care because they just wanted to make their own economy better not for the Africans. The Organization of African Unity or the OAU was a good union group for the minimum wage African workers because all things that they said and all the things they did for helping themselves to work out something for the workers and wanted everything to be good for the African population. I think that the OAU was a great effective organization to resolve all of the Africans issues that they were having, but I think it was no easy task that it probably took some time to resolve all of the problems that the African people had during that time.
6. For each of the following, discuss one effect upon any newly independent African nation. You must name a specific nation and use a different one for each item: (a) tribalism (b) Sahara Desert (c) subsistence agriculture (d) lack of capital (e) high price of oil in the 1970's (f) exodus of white settlers.
- Tribalism in Angola was when they were trying to get their independence during their “Road to Independence.” Many other tribe groups in the country was having a hard time of keeping their country under control, while Portugal left the country on its own and that affected Angola because they did not have any type of government. Many European countries knew about Sahara Desert because it was known to be a very good resource that according to the packet, it had good uranium, which was like gold for some of the European nations. In the 1970’s, Nigeria was dominant in oil prices because they were selling their oil in high prices, which made the government to think of creating new projects, but it was temporary that the oil prices dropped in the 1980’s. A lot of the African nations lacked on capital for evolution in their countries that they wanted to increase its prices for item transportation and try to lower the prices for imports that was coming into Africa and expected of getting aid from international organizations.
Work Cited:
Packet: “Part 4. Africa”
Miladys Florentino
ReplyDeleteMs.Noce
#1.) The two countries who are geographically influenced are Algeria and Chad. Algeria is a nation in Africa who was previously under the French. In Algeria, 80% of the individuals are Arab and the other 20% are Berber. Algeria was an one-gathering state and had a lot of people huge homesteads, mines, and plants. The Government expanded the development of oil refineries, iron and steel lives up to expectations, and gas liquefaction plants. Chad is a nation in Africa that was known as previous French province. In Chad, most Arabs are either light or dark Africans that indicated about 7 million individuals. Most of the individuals in Chad are ignorant, “illiterate” as said in the packet. Chad's main export is cotton as well as petroleum.
#2.) - (a) Germany was late in acquiring a colonial empire due to the danger of assuming control provinces be confined. Since Germany got defeated in World War One, it made them lose the land in which they “conquered” throughout the war. (b) A colony which was acquired by Italy was Ethiopia in 1936. Once Italy was defeated in World War 2, she surrendered all its African possessions, as in land.
#3.) (a) The development of Nigerian patriotism and appeals for independence, ongoing constitutions established by the British Government moved Nigeria to government to oneself on an operator and continuously chose help. By the twentieth century, the self-governance was clearing opposite of Africa, the Igbos were generally seen as more Westernized than other ethnic aggregations. (b) Algeria achieved their independence in 1962, throughout the Guerrilla Warfare, usually fought by those who aren’t in a military unit as well as to overthrow the government. (c ) The road to Congo’s independence was quite unique and not like others. Belgium allowed independence suddenly in 1960, having finished little to set up the individuals. The country confronted numerous different issues such as conflict between Premier Patrice Lumumba and President Kasavubu, army riots and involvement in the Cold War. (d) Portugal evacuated from Angola late in 1975, leaving the country free however without any formal government.
#4.) - (a) Nationalism means pride in your nation, colonial nationalism means pride on your colony. (b) The two ways that colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world conditions was the numerous distinctive battles that were fought across the wars, for example, the Guerrilla Warfare as well as the Civil War. (c ) Communists told Africans that
ReplyDeletethey could attain brighter future in the event that they drove out the imperialists. At that point the Africans could use their common fortune for their advancement. Such propaganda, animated African patriots, in which most weren't communists.
#5.) - (a) The African state had insecurities towards their independence and individuals were dying due to no food nor a job in which would have helped them for their own needs. (b) Since, Africa are now independent the OAU shouldn’t have any problems trying to help those individuals who can’t afford to help themselves or make a living. (c ) Two other efforts in which African would be able to overcome would be allying with other countries and also being involved.
#6.)- (a)Tribalism is an impact in Angola in light of the fact that there were three outfitted gatherings that were dependent upon tribes divisions and battles for control. (b) (b) The Sahara Desert was a region in the northwest shore of Africa. Spain was the leader of this region and she withdrew in 1976 in which brought on the region to be part between Morocco and Mauritania.(c ) Subsistence farming, for example, cocoa beans, elastic, cotton, and so forth were utilized by Germany to help a fare exchange. (d) The absence of capital is an impact in Chad on the grounds that cotton brought low costs.(e) High cost of oil in the 1970s helped Nigeria gain salary, make activities, and make the economy thrive. (f) Exodus of white pioneers is an impact in Kenya on the grounds that the populace development rate was welcoming.
Sources:
Part 4. Africa ( Packet)
ESSAY
ReplyDeleteCarlos Callejas
1. Discuss, in one way for each, how geography has influenced the history of two specific countries or areas in Africa.
Geography affects nations in that it may attract foreign attention and in case of colonization influence its history as a result. For example, Egypt’s location attracted British interest to settle a colony to serve as a supply relay for their ships bound to India. British settlement in Egypt eventually caused tensions between Islamic Arabs and Christian Europeans which sometimes gave way to terrorism and violence within the country, moreover British investment (brought thanks to Egypt’s geography) gave economic progress for Egypt from tourism and industry.
The geography of the Saharan region has acted as a barrier between the Northern Africa region and the Central Africa region. For example, in Northern Africa the population is mainly Muslim and Arab, whereas in the Central region the people are of black African race and practice Animist, Catholic, Christian, and other tribal religions.
2. (a) Give one reason why either Italy or Germany was late in acquiring a colonial empire. (b) Name one African colony acquired by Italy or Germany before 1914 and trace its history up to the present day.
a. Germany was late into the colony game due to the recent unification of the German peoples and the many situations or affairs that had to be settled to stabilize the new German nation before they could begin to perform any imperial activities.
b. One country previously under Germany was Rwanda (then contained in German East Africa or Deutsch-Ostafrika). After WW1, German East Africa was split between the British and the Belgians according to the Treaty of Versailles. During this time, the Belgians introduced a few new ideas to the Rwandans regarding the concept of race and their proof behind this. These ideas and a few other factors polarized the Hutu and Tutsi groups, creating tensions. These tensions eventually erupted into civil war in the 1990’s and the Rwandan Genocide of 1994. Afterwards, the Tutsi ethnic group retook Rwanda and forced the Hutu group to flee into modern day Democratic Republic of Congo. Today, these tensions remain.
3. Show one difference in the way each of the following African nations achieved independence: (a) Nigeria (b) Algeria (c) Congo (d) Angola
Nigeria gained its independence through what I would say was appeasement; they vowed to use British style democracy. This would have given the British a signal to the effect of “Oh! They are going to use our system! That means they can manage themselves now because they learned from us the glorious and successful Englishmen!” Algeria got independence through nine years of civil war and violence, they physically fought for independence. Congo got its independence out of a sudden in 1960, after many bloody years of conflict, and afterwards tensions in the country remained and still remain to this day.
Angola became independent when the Portuguese left the country in 1975 and pretty much said “okay you guys do whatever you want.”
ReplyDelete4. (a) Define "colonial nationalism." (b) Show in two ways that colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world conditions. (c) Describe two grievances of African nationalists against the European empire builders.
Colonial Nationalism is a sense of nationalistic pride for one’s colony.
Nationalism came out from the world situation in that the occupation of colonies brought out the potential of a land and a desire for demonstrating the colony’s power. For example, the Egyptian conflicts with the British and the military demonstrations in the 19th century.
The main grievance the Africans had was that these empires were exploiting the land for themselves and the natives were not benefitting from it. Second, the native people were treated badly by the colonists and tricked out of their land in some cases.
5. For Africa "independence is only the beginning".(a)Discuss two problems facing the independent African states.(b)Giving one argument to support your opinion, indicate whether the OAU will be effective in overcoming these problems.(c) Evaluate two other efforts by the African nations to overcome these problems.
The main problem that these new African states face is the ridiculous amount of internal instability from years of conflict resulting from the Colonial Era. The second main problem is finding suitable people to direct the country, since the Europeans did not prepare any of the natives to be rulers or provide proper education to them.
I feel this problem “has its roots too deep to be easily uprooted” due to how deeply the problem has developed to change it. I feel the OAU by itself could not solve all problems, but with some external support it could. The change would not be quick, it will take long.
Sometimes, countries take the route of violence to establish any sort of government, such as the rebel RPF forces in Rwanda retaking the country from the Hutu ethnic group. They successfully ended the genocide and apparently the civil war, but the rivalry between ethnic groups remained even after the Hutus were forced to flee to Congo.
6. For each of the following, discuss one effect upon any newly independent African nation. You must name a specific nation and use a different one for each item: (a) tribalism (b) Sahara Desert (c) subsistence agriculture (d) lack of capital (e) high price of oil in the 1970's (f) exodus of white settlers.
Tribalism, in Angola, created an internal conflict over control of the country after the Portuguese left .
The Sahara Desert acted as a barrier to divide the Northern and Central regions of Africa, although it provided with some resources such as Uranium and oil.
Subsistence agriculture meant that farmers farmed for themselves, not to sell. This was not exactly beneficial for the economy of the country since there was no real monetary movement.
The lack of capital meant that countries lacked resources to develop projects for the progress of their countries and therefore, countries were stuck in the third world.
The high price of oil benefitted Nigeria and helped it to achieve some progress, but this economic boom came to a stop later in the 1980s and so did their development.
Being rid of white settlers allowed some nations to become independent, such as Angola (although they were not expelled, they left).
SOURCES:
Africa packet
Aencyclopedia Brittanica http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/230748/German-East-Africa
IB History extended essay (used in Mr. Cheevers’ class)
“Colonialism and the Rwandan Genocide in 1994” by Unknown http://ibpal.com/docs/history-ee-7
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteWilliam Portorreal
ReplyDeleteIB History
Ms.Noce
1. Discuss, in one way for each, how geography has influenced the history of two specific countries or areas in Africa.
One country that changed a lot is Algeria. This country was in guerilla warfare for nine years against the French and they finally got their independence in 1962. Algeria was being attacked constantly and was involved in terrorist attacks which hurt their economy a lot. After the fighting had ended, industries and factories started producing natural resources such as iron, steel, and oil. This eventually fixed their economy and made it better. Another place that I found interesting is the Western Sahara because it is in resources such as phosphate which is good for growing plants. Since there is lack of water phosphate plays a major role and helps fertilize plants. The territory was divided with Morocco and Polisario, the Polisario had kept fighting for the territory so morocco had to build up a wall to keep them out western Sahara. The territory was originally owned by Spain but they gave it up, because of the tension rising for the land.
2. (A) Give one reason why either Italy or Germany was late in acquiring a colonial empire. (b) Name one African colony acquired by Italy or Germany before 1914 and trace its history up to the present day.
In the passage it said that Germany had a late unification and so did Italy which is why they were late in acquiring a colonial empire. One African colony that Italy acquired was Ethiopia and in 1962 Eritrea became part of Ethiopia. By 1956 Ethiopia finally became independent because Italy had given up all of its territory in Africa because of the war. In 1993 Ethiopia became a democratic state
3. Show one difference in the way each of the following African nations achieved independence: (a) Nigeria (b) Algeria (c) Congo (d) Angola.
Nigeria gained independence because they used a British-type parliamentary democracy. Nigeria was split into 12 new states because of the British democracy strategy they used and it eventually led to conflicts and some years of civil war. After some time the military leaders were ousted and they got their independence. Algeria had gained independence from France after nine years of guerilla warfare. The Congo gained their independence after years at war and was even involved in the cold war. By 1960 Belgium had finally gave them their independence. Angola gained independence because Portugal left the country but left them without an official government so it created problems in Angola.
4. (A) Define "colonial nationalism." (b) Show in two ways that colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world conditions. (c) Describe two grievances of African nationalists against the European empire builders.
ReplyDeleteIn my opinion colonial nationalism is when a country or colony are proud of their country and will do anything to show their pride for their country. Colonial nationalism was an outgrowth of world conditions because every country wanted to be free and have their independence. The African countries were tired of being bossed around by European countries so their only option to gain independence was by going to war. Two grievances were independence from Europe and a democratic state in the African countries.
5. For Africa "independence is only the beginning." (a) Discuss two problems facing the independent African states. (b) Giving one argument to support your opinion, indicate whether the OAU will be effective in overcoming these problems. (c) Evaluate two other efforts by the African nations to overcome these problems.
One problem was that the Africans didn’t like the way the government was running the country, the citizens wanted a democratic party. Another problem was the economy and it affected everyone living in the country. Yes the OAU will be effective because they wanted to make sure that their citizens are satisfied and also the OAU works to make the standard living of a country better. Two other efforts to overcome these problems by the African nations are by settling disputes and also making sure that everyone is getting their rights through democracy.
6. For each of the following, discuss one effect upon any newly independent African nation. You must name a specific nation and use a different one for each item: (a) tribalism (b) Sahara Desert (c) subsistence agriculture (d) lack of capital (e) high price of oil in the 1970s (f) exodus of white settlers.
The effect of tribalism would be in Angola because they were occupied by Portugal but then they left and Angola had no form of government. The Sahara desert is rich in phosphate which is good for fertilizing so it helps plants grow. It also contains uranium and other minerals which is what countries like to have in their territory. Subsequence agriculture is used in all parts of Africa to use as profit. Also people used it to feed their families and to keep their economy up. Lack of capital occurred in most countries in Africa mainly because of the economic system in Africa. In 1970 Nigeria had a huge amount of oil production so the prices were raised because of how much they were selling. Exodus white settlers are in Zimbabwe because it is a former British colony with a population of about 100,000 white people.
Works cited: part 4. Africa
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ReplyDeleteErick Volquez
ReplyDeleteIB History 11
Ms.Noce
4/14/14
1. Africa is a continent that is composed of different regions with different inhabitants; resources and everything composed in each. The regions that influenced history from Africa were the water coasts and the jungle. I think that these regions have the same sense of impacting the world’s history on what we know about African territory. The coast was seen (to the wonderers and discoverers from Europe) as a gateway to this continent and territory that was never known clearly. It wasn’t till the 19th century that these Europeans wanted to discover new things so it all came down that these water coasts served as easy entrance to the gateway to a new discovery. The other regions that influence the history of Africa were the jungle regions. Now, Africa had different populations located in different regions like Egypt which was a desert region country became a place where the British would take over but the jungle was the key point that slaves would be taken from. The people that mostly lived in the jungle areas were National African Native indigenous tribal people who for generations lived there. Since Africa was called the Dark Continent, now that these people were found by the Europeans, it would soon be a slave market.
2. (a) Since Africa was taken over the Great Britain, France, and Portugal among others, it was too late or at least hard to obtain territory in Africa since these countries were quick to conquer these territories. Two countries that had an outcome like this were Italy and Germany. Europe as a whole wanted to expand on territory so countries like Italy and Germany saw expansion in taking over countries inside the European continent or even Asia but not Africa. Those who did obtain territory took the risk since it was unknown territory. Italy and Germany were later able to take over a couple of regions but not enough like France or Britain who occupied more than 75% of the continent just by themselves. (b) Libya, a country that before 1914 was taken over by Italy and was still in control during Mussolini’s domain in Germany is a country who became independent as part of the Arabic United nations but from 1914 being under Italy’s control and being independent are two whole different stories. Back when Libya was under Italian control it was more of a resource place and since it’s a deserted area, a couple of fights took place there from WW2. What is Libya now? Libya now the official state of Libya is a country in the region of North Africa which over the years has passed through had regiments, dictatorships like Gadaffi among others.
3. Africa was now known and countries just wanted to keep on owning more property until some countries became independent and saw freedom to start all over to a road to independence. Algeria received its independence in 1962 after two years of guerilla warfare from France. Angola received its independence from Portugal towards the end of 1975 completely evacuating the country without leaving any government to continue to reign. Congo was a place of death and destructions and even one of the roughest pathways for Africa to have another country to independence. Belgium gave independence to Congo in 1960 evacuating quick as well.
ReplyDelete4. Colonial Nationalism is a form of pride that you have for the colony, your people and everyone that means great to you. Colonial nationalism was an outgrowth of world conditions by having these countries look deep into their nation and pick out the growth and products to see the out worth of world conditions and open new merchandise to the world for them to buy and trade. Two grievance that occurred in the African territories were that native Africans felt that the benefits from imperialism were outweighed by its evils and that they were considered inferior which lead to protests and problems along the course of African History.
5. Even if imperialism seemed like a good thing to be over Africa, this caused many problems and had many consequences including making the Africans feel inferior when they were the ones that are native and superior of the lands of Africa. These problems were mostly located in Algeria and Congo which were Free states which became independent around (1960-1962). These issues were and continued to grown because we know that racist issues could have derived from African slaves then after generations continuing till slavery was abolished here in America. The OAU (organization of African Unity) was an organization who tried to stop these issues but it was hard since there was a lot of countries making these inferior practices it couldn’t be stopped at once; yes the countries got their independence but it was a tough fight. Two strong efforts that Africans tried to do that worked together were trying to have the countries that were free build up a economic movement so that they could help those who still were not free but also by working together they could make offers so those countries from Europe could leave and have Africa Be free once again not as a darkness continent but a bright and known strong territory.
ReplyDelete6. Many territories that were under European control became free and had a strong build up that lead to having the Europeans leave. Because of the Europeans leaving in Congo a tribal region, yes it was tough and bloody fight but Congo received independence and got to build up on natural tribal resources from the jungle. In Egypt, a Sahara desert region was abandoned by the British and later grew as a city and made better improvements in dealing itself with trades from Asia. Angola an agricultural country after being taken by Portugal wasn’t able to grow economically because Portugal would take their crops but now Angola still suffers economically but their crops are valuable. Libya, a lack of capital is a country who till today is still suffering from terrorist regimes and dictatorships which its capital was the central point that would be shut down by its people so that they could get the attention and kick out their leader or anyone who was doing terrible with the country. Nigeria, a high price oil country during the 1970’s is still trying to cover its lost in money because of these high prices. Finally Guinea, a country who had Portugal leave immediately (white settlers) since it was a country who was small and had small defense (at least they thought) they took over but then the tribes got together and they fought back and had the white settlers leave.
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ReplyDelete1. Discuss, in one way for each, how geography has influenced the history of two specific countries or areas in Africa.
ReplyDeleteZIMBABWE: This country is located in the south central of Africa. Zimbabwe is made up mostly blacks and just few whites. The official language is English. However, 1/6 speak the Ndebele language and 2/3 speak the Shona language. 33% of the people who live in Zimbabwe are illiterate. Per capita income is around $545 a year. Zimbabwe got their independence from Britain.
SUDAN: 33 million people were separated into two groups; light-skinned Arabs and dark-skinned Africans. People in the north (light-skinned Arabs) were Moslem. Other religions people from Sudan was involved with were Christianity or local religions. The official language in Sudan was Arabic. 52% of the people who lived in Sudan were illiterate and the income per capita is $860 a year. Sudan got their independence by Britain/Egypt in 1956.
2. (a) Give one reason why either Italy or Germany was late in acquiring a colonial empire. (b) Name one African colony acquired by Italy or Germany before 1914 and trace its history up to the present day.
A) One reason why Germany was late in acquiring a colonial empire is Germany had some real catching up to do. They had to build up their navy; if a country don’t have a good navy then they wouldn’t have been able to capture any empire. This was the reason why Hitler came into power; because he wanted to improve Germany’s military to go into action with power.
B) An African colony acquired by Germany before 1914 was Arguin; located in Mauritania. Germany acquired Arguin in 1685 and lost it to France in 1721. In 1440s Portugal ruled Arguin. However in 1633 Arguin was under Spain’s control because when they went into war with Spain they had lost leaving Spain to control Arguin and Portugal then Dutch controlled Arguin. In 1678 France were the ones who controlled Arguin. However in 16 85 Germany took over Arguin but then France took it back in 174. In the end, Arguin got their independence in 1960.
3. Show one difference in the way each of the following African nations achieved independence: (a) Nigeria (b) Algeria (c) Congo (d) Angola
A) Nigeria gained their independence in 1960. Nigeria gained their dependence from Britain by creating a parliamentary democracy; “the type of government where the public vote government into power and parliamentarians are representatives of the people.”
B) Algeria gained their independence in 1962. Algeria gained their independence from France by using guerrilla warfare. People from Algeria fought very hard and worked very hard just to gain their independence.
C) Congo gained their independence in 1960. Congo had an extremely difficult time gaining their independence from France because they weren’t prepared to fight. This was the hardest and one of the bloodiest fight for independence.
D) Angola gained their independence in 1975. Angola didn’t need to fight for their independence. Portugal basically just abandoned Angola. This was the easiest independence gained.
4. (a) Define "colonial nationalism." (b) Show in two ways that colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world conditions. (c) Describe two grievances of African nationalists against the European empire builders.
ReplyDeleteA) Colonial nationalism is when a person is proud to live in the colony that they are living in now. Also they will do whatever to make their colony the best.
B) One way that the colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world conditions is Africans wanted to fight back and stand up for their colony whenever the Europeans tried to take over one of their colonies. Another way the colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world conditions is, because of the Europeans being so controlling and trying to taking over Africa, this led to Africans fighting for their independence.
C) One grievance of African nationalists against the European empire builders is that the Europeans discriminated the Africans. The Europeans would mistreat the Africans because they were black and didn’t have the same religious views as them. Another grievance was the Europeans who lived in Africa took over the jobs. Only a few Africans had a profession such as: educators, civil servants, doctors, engineers, or scientists.
5. For Africa "independence is only the beginning." (a) Discuss two problems facing the independent African states. (b) Giving one argument to support your opinion, indicate whether the OAU will be effective in overcoming these problems. (c) Evaluate two other efforts by the African nations to overcome these problems.
A. A problem that the independent African states faced was the lack of knowledge. When Africans got their independence they didn’t really know where to start because they didn’t really have experience with democracy. Another problem that the independent African states faced was lack of food and money.
B. In my opinion, I think that the OAU will be effective in overcoming these problems but then again I don’t think it will. The OAU will solve the problem of lack of knowledge because together the Africans can come to a decision of how they want Africa to be like. As for the lack of food and money, I don’t think the OAU could fully solve this problem. They might solve it to an extent; having the Africans come together and share the food but this won’t work for long because some Africans might get greedy.
C. An effort by the African nations to overcome the lack of knowledge, government wise, was by establishing one party states. Africans believed that this will overcome this problem because it will stop the tribalism and create a national unity. An effort by the African nations to overcome the lack of food and money was by creating industries and developing solid inorganic substances.
6. For each of the following, discuss one effect upon any newly independent African nation. You must name a specific nation and use a different one for each item: (a) tribalism (b) Sahara Desert (c) subsistence agriculture (d) lack of capital (e) high price of oil in the 1970s (f) exodus of white settlers.
A. Tribalism was in effect in Ethiopia. A couple of their tribes were Oromo and Amhara. Having these different tribes really separates the whole country.
B. The Sahara Desert was in effect to South Africa because it was the only thing that ensured the Africans safety.
C. Subsistence agriculture was and effect in Kenya because many from Kenya own their privet farms and they grow tea, coffee and etc. and what they do with the items they grow is sell them and they get rich.
D. Lack of capital was an effect in Chad because people who lived in chad were only making $80 a year. They didn’t have money to support their family.
E. High price of oil in the 1970s was an effect in Nigeria because they needed to raise the price in order to bring in money into their country.
F. Exodus of white settlers was an effect in Uganda.
work cited:
Part 4. Africa packet
Samantha Foster
ReplyDeleteIB History
Ms. Noce
4-14-14
Africa
1.Discuss, in one way for each, how geography has influenced the history of two specific countries or areas in Africa.
The Sahara Desert stretches from north to south about 800 to 1,400 miles and west to east over 3,000 miles. It has always been a geographical barrier that hindered the movement of Africans. Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt are countries are cut off from the rest of Africa because of this great barrier. Ethically, the people who live in these countries are Arabs and not Blacks. Most of Africa’s lands consist of desert, grassland, and rain-forest areas that make farming a difficult task. However, Africa does possess an adequate amount rich soil perfect for growing crops such as rubber in Liberia and coffee in Egypt.
2.(a) Give one reason why either Italy or Germany was late in acquiring a colonial empire. (b) Name one African colony acquired by Italy or Germany before 1914 and trace its history up to the present day.
According to the packet, it was the late unification of Germany that slowed down its quest for imperialism. Ethiopia was an African nation that was one ruled by Italy. After its loss in WW2, Italy had lost its claim over the nation and Ethiopia became independent.
3.Show one difference in the way each of the following African nations achieved independence: (a) Nigeria (b) Algeria (c) Congo (d) Angola.
Out of these four nations, Congo had one of the most vicious journeys to independence in all of Africa. In 1960, the nation was given independence by Belgium so quickly and unexpectedly that Congo had little time to prepare its people. As a result, the nation faced many complications such as the rivalry of Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba and President Joseph Kasavubu and army mutinies. Angola gained independence right after Portugal withdrew in late 1975. However, the Portuguese left Angola without an official government. A civil war occurred where the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), a pro-western group, fought against the new Angolan government. Nigeria was granted independence from Britain in the 1960 and took on a parliamentary democracy heavily influenced by the British. Algeria, like Congo, gained its independence through violent means. Nine years of guerrilla warfare with the French led Algeria to its independence in 1962.
Dinia Clairvaux
ReplyDeleteMs. Noce
IB History
4/14/14
Discuss, in one way for each, how geography has influenced the history of two specific countries or areas in Africa.
Geography has influenced the history of the sahara Desert. the Sahara desert is stretched over 3,000 miles west of Africa It contains tropical grasslands and a rainforest. Africa’s Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts contain desert mountains,Plateau and jungle. Africa is known to be one of the largest continents in the world. In size Europe can fit in it three times.
(a) Give one reason why either Italy or Germany was late in acquiring a colonial empire. (b) Name one African colony acquired by Italy or Germany before 1914 and trace its history up to the present day.
Italy was late to acquire a colony because of her defeat in in the second world war she had to give the colonies away . She once had control over Eritrea Italian Somaliland and Libya and then even managed to annexed Ethiopia.
Show one difference in the way each of the following African nations achieved independence: (a) Nigeria (b) Algeria (c) Congo (d) Angola.
Nigeria attain its independence by adopting a british type parliamentary, and also fighting a civil war between states in it. Algeria attain it independence from France, which it had been in conflict with for 9 years, under de Gaulle. they had been attacking each other which the military us of guerrilla warfare. Congo attain its independence through UN peacemaking. Before that it faced many battles due to rivalry between the Primer and the president, army mutinies, and Belgian troops due to its conspiracy in the cold war. Angola attained it independence due to the Marxist popular Movement for the liberation of Angola victory against pro-western groups. these groups were at an alliance with the US Zaire, Zambia and white South Africa.
4.(a) Define "colonial nationalism." (b) Show in two ways that colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world conditions. (c) Describe two grievances of African nationalists against the European empire builders.
ReplyDeleteColonial nationalism is the pride you have for the colony you live in. it would make sense that colonial nationalism occurred in Africa as a result of world conditions many African nations were given independence. The chains that kept them under European rule were broken and many African nations were free to govern and rule over themselves. Colonial nationalism would also explain why some African nations rebelled against the European countries that ruled over them. African nationalists were against European empire builders in a way, it still felt like Europe still had control over them. The African nations, as stated before, wanted to govern and rule over themselves. This was why independent African nations tried so hard to wipe out illiteracy because in colonial time, it was the Europeans who had most jobs that required reading and writing skills.
5.For Africa "independence is only the beginning." (a) Discuss two problems facing the independent African states. (b) Giving one argument to support your opinion, indicate whether the OAU will be effective in overcoming these problems. (c) Evaluate two other efforts by the African nations to overcome these problems.
One problem independent African states faced was securing professional personnel. Back when Africa was still under European rule, it was the Europeans took control over profession such as educators, doctors, scientists, and civil servants. Very little Africans had training in such fields which made the goal of wiping out illiteracy more difficult. Another problem independent African states faced was African unity. President Nkrumah of Ghana emphasized that alone, African nations would perish due to their inability to support themselves economically and militarily. I believe that the OAU would be effective in securing professional personnel. According to the packet, “The OAU played a leading role in working for an end to minority white rule, especially in South America” (Ms. Noce’s packet pg. 372). As for the task of establishing African unity, the OAU struggled to settle conflicts between African nations. For example, the OAU struggle to resolve disputes between Morocco and the Polisario Front over Western Sahara. Independent African nations also tried to solve their issues by taking on a charter that created a confederation in which “its major agencies are a top-level conference of heads of state to meet annually, s council of ministers to meet every six months, and a commission on mediation and conciliation to settle inter-African disputes peacefully” ( Ms. Noce’s packet pg372). The charter also made so that there would be cooperation among the African nations in foreign policy, economics, education, and defense.
Works cited:
Ms.Noce’s packet
(a) Define "colonial nationalism." (b) Show in two ways that colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world conditions. (c) Describe two grievances of African nationalists against the European empire builders.
ReplyDeleteColonial nationalism is the expression of pride for ones colony. Colonial nationalism was an outgrowth of world conditions because many countries wanted to expand their colonial gains and some were just power hungry. At times this lead to civil wars global wars and a lot of bloodshed. the European empire builder forcibly took land from the africans , used their resources for their own benefits and also they went and discriminated against the natives and mistreated them.
For Africa "independence is only the beginning." (a) Discuss two problems facing the independent African states. (b) Giving one argument to support your opinion, indicate whether the OAU will be effective in overcoming these problems. (c) Evaluate two other efforts by the African nations to overcome these problems.
The two problems facing independent African States is the lack of leadership they are in need of and the lack of military forces and a military. Most of the reasons why other countries saw that they could have over each other is because, they saw that that country had a weak due to the military arms. And the need for strong leaders that want to build the country not run it to the ground.If you would look in Africa’s history u will see there were a lot of un fitted leaders that destroyed the countries and cause mass destruction.The Africans had created liberation groups such was the MPLA, and the UNITA to release countries from the grasps of their so called leaders.
For each of the following, discuss one effect upon any newly independent African nation. You must name a specific nation and use a different one for each item: (a) tribalism (b) Sahara Desert (c) subsistence agriculture (d) lack of capital (e) high price of oil in the 1970s (f) exodus of white settlers.
Tribalism: Ghana because this country contains a mainly black population with many tribes speaking a variety of 50 different languages.
Subsistence agriculture: Congo because before it had its independence Congo produce enough food to feed all of its people.
Sahara Desert:Western Sahara because it is a desert territory
Lack of capital: Sudan because its economy suffered due to guerrilla warfare. the US and other countries donated food for the people
High price of oil in the 1970s: Nigeria because it became a major oil producer and the government was developing projects.
Exodus of whites settlers: Zimbabwe because it contain the minority 100,000 whites.
Source: Africa packet
Naomie Bourdeau
ReplyDeleteMs.Noce
IB World History
April 14, 2014
Africa
1. The geography in Africa has influenced the history within two specific areas in Africa. They were the south part of Africa and the North part of Africa. The southern part of Africa extends at least 3000 miles. It has a tropical climate zone. Within that range of Africa, the Sahara Desert has influenced the history of Africa because it was considered to be a “major land barrier to the movement of African People”. The other specific part of Africa’s geography that had an influence was the northern part, because 80 million of Moslems lived there. That led to them establishing five African nations.
2. (A)Italy was late in acquiring a colonial empire because Italy was angry with the French when they seized Tunisia in 1881.Also becoming allies with Germany made them upset. Due to that they were late. (B)One African colony that was acquired by Italy was Ethiopia. As of now Ethiopia is an Independent Nation.
3. In all of those in all of those African Nations there were some differences in gaining their independence. (A)Nigeria gained their independence by taking the British type Congressional democracy legally. In that effect there new democracy was restored and a civilian was elected and led Nigeria. (B)Algeria gained their independence by using a well-known tactic called guerrilla warfare. (C) Congo had a really hard time getting their independence so they had help from the peace –keeping force and gained their independence. (D) Angola didn’t actually have to work for their independence, because it was Portugal who withdraws from the battle not long from when it started. So by leaving it was automatically a win for Angola.
4. (A) Colonial Nationalism is the dedication of a group of people who leaves their native country to form a new land settlement.(B) Africa suffered a lot from poverty and gaining their independence. So it was a natural thing for them to have such colonial nationalism because they needed to have peace in mind. (C) Well the way I can describe the African Nationalist grieves of the European Empires was that economically the European empires seized majority of Africa’s resources and goods. They would make Africans work long hours. Politically the European empires made sure that the Africans received little training of “Self-government”.
5. a) The African said that uncertainties near their independence and people were vanishing due to no food and nobody could finda job in which have helped them for their own needs. (b) Since, Africa is now independent the OAU shouldn’t have any problems trying to help those individuals who can’t afford to help themselves or make a living. (c ) Two other efforts in which African would be able to overcome would be joining with other countries and also being involved.
6. (a) Tribalism has developed from Angola; it was built to unity between nations. (b) The Sahara Desert has come from Africa and there was land in it that was considered to be barriers. (c)Sustenance agriculture tangled dissimilar resources such as: rubber, cacao, coffee, and cotton. (d) The lack of capital was an effect in Chad since cotton brought low prices. (e) High price of oil in the 1970s helped Nigeria better the economy (f) Exodus of white settlers was an effect on Kenya due to the population development rate.
Work Cited "Part 4 Africa"
Mu Ying Yu
ReplyDeleteIB World History 11
Ms. Noce
April 14, 2014
Africa
1. Discuss, in one way for each, how geography has influenced the history of two specific countries or areas in Africa.
-- The two countries are Nigeria and Ethiopia. Nigeria was the former British colony and protectorate. Nigeria is the most populous state in Africa with 110 million people. Nigeria’s official language is English and contains three major ethnic groups are the Hausa, the Yoruba, and the Ibo.About 50% of the Nigerian are illiterate. They got their independence in 1960 and adopted the British-type parliamentary democracy. In 1970, Nigeria became the major oil producer and with the money the government used to developed projects. But in 1980, the oil dropped and they had foreign debts that are unable to paid. Ethiopia border at the Red Sea part of the eastern Africa and known as the Horn of Africa, with 58 million people. Amharic is their official language. The two largest ethnic groups are the Oromo and the Amhara. Ethiopia is a black Africa’s oldest independent nation with at least 2000 years of history. In 1933, a democratic government came in power and changed from empire to democratic state. In 1070 and 1980, Ethiopia had war with three different fronts but rebel victory in 1991. Eritrea is an Italian colony and linked to Ethiopia by the UN-approved federation but annexed by Ethiopia in 1962. Ethiopia had a Communist-style economy. During the Ethiopia-Eritrea war, the two countries went into war for disputed borders, many life loss and the OAU and UN tried to arranged the cease-fire.
2. (a) Give one reason why either Italy or Germany was late in acquiring a colonial empire. (b) Name one African acquired by Italy or Germany before 1914 and trace its history up to the present day.
-- (a) Germany was so late in acquiring a colonial empire because of the defeat in World War I. During the time, they were weakened by the war and got no strong backup support to support them to go acquired an empire. (b) Italy acquired Ethiopia before 1914 because due to the lost in WWII make Italy to give up Ethiopia and gain independent again.
3. Show one difference in the way each of the following African nations achieved independence: (a) Nigeria (b) Alergia (c) Congo (d) Angola.
-- (a) Nigeria achieved independence in 1960 and adopted the British-type parliamentary democracy. (b) Alergia achieved independence 9 years after the guerrilla warfare and received independence from France in 1962. (c) Congo gain independence in 1960 with a bloodiest pathway. (d) Angola received independence from the Portugal in late 1975 with no government. But after the civil war, agreed to worked for democratic, single armed force place and economy market.
4. (a) Define “colonial nationalism.” (b) Show in two ways that colonial nationalism in Africa was an outgrowth of world conditions. (c) Describe two grievances of African nationalists against the European empire builders.
ReplyDelete-- (a) “colonial nationalism” is have pride for your colony. (b) In Africa colonial nationalism was an outgrowth of world condition because the result of the wars they fought, like the civil wars. (c) Two grievances of African nationalist against the European empire builders are their independence and the discrimination.
5. For Africa “independence is only the beginning.” (a) Discuss two problems facing the independent African states. (b) Giving one argument to support your opinion, indicate whether the OAU will be effective in overcoming these problems. (c) Evaluate two other efforts by the African nations to overcome these problems.
-- (a) The two problems facing the independent African states are their economy and looking forward to improved their living. Since Africa countries gain their independence but hunger is a big problem, they need to cooperate with other countries for help. Under this condition, people hoping their country can do something to improve their living, like more jobs. (b) The OAU would be effective in overcoming these problems because they meet together to discuss and come up with the best decision to improve Africa be a better place. (c) Two other efforts by the African nations to overcome these problems are economy and established one-party state.
6. For each of the following, discuss one effect upon any newly independent African nation. You must name a specific nation and use a different one for each item: (a) tribalism (b) Sahara Desert (c) subsistence agriculture (d) lack of capital (e) high piece of oil in the 1970s (f) exodus of white settlers.
-- (a) Tribalism -- Ethiopia because they had the 2 largest ethnic group which are Oromo and Ambara. (b) The Sahara Desert -- Western Sahara. (c) Subsistence agriculture -- Congo because the country had enough food to feed their people. (d) Lack of capital -- Congo because people make $400 a year but 77% Congolese are illiterate. (d) High Piece of Oil in the 1970s -- Nigeria because they became the major oil producer. (f) Exodus of white settlers -- Zimbabwe because 100,000 whites and other 11 million are blacks.
Resource:
-- Part 4. Africa