I hope you guys are enjoying your vacation! Below you will find independent research questions for your next blog. Your due date for this blog is Sunday, April 27th, at 9:00 p.m. Please remember to upload to turnitin.com! Enjoy your break and get a lot of rest!
1.
With reference to two civil wars, compare and contrast the
importance of ideology in (a) causing the civil war, and (b) attracting outside
involvement.
2.
Compare and contrast the causes of two twentieth century
civil wars.
3.
Examine the impact of foreign intervention on either the
Chinese Civil War or the Spanish Civil War.
4.
Examine the impact of foreign intervention on either the
Chinese Civil War or the Spanish Civil War.
5.
What
were the main causes and results of the Spanish Civil War?
6.
Describe how the following components played a role in
Nigeria in the 1960s:
a.
The war was fought less for political principles than for
reasons of hostility between different peoples in different regions
b.
Civil war can arise because people in certain regions of a
country feel oppressed or neglected because of political divisions
c.
There are different religious ideas in a country
7.
In Spain, describe how the following three factors
contributed to a civil war:
a.
War was fought less for political principles than for reasons
of hostility between different peoples in different regions
b.
Civil war can arise: because people in certain regions of a
country feel oppressed or neglected because of political divisions
c.
There are different religious ideas in a country
8.
Why has 20th-century warfare seen much less of a
distinction between soldiers and civilians than the warfare of previous
centuries? For example, one reason could be technology, i.e. the development of
aircraft and bigger bombs.
9.
Explain briefly the difference between the following:
·
Total war and limited war
·
National war and civil war
·
Conventional war and guerrilla war
·
Strategy and tactics
·
Defensive and offensive warfare.
10. Decide whether each war listed below is either total, limited or civil.
|
War
|
|
First World War, 1914-18
|
|
Second World War, 1939–45
|
|
Algerian War, 1954–62
|
|
Nigerian Civil War, 1967–70
|
|
Falklands/Malvinas War, 1982
|
|
Nicaraguan Revolution, began 1978
|
|
Indo–Pakistan Wars, 1947–48,
1965, 1971
|
|
Spanish Civil War, 1936–39
|
|
Chinese Civil War, 1927–49
|
|
Iran–Iraq War, 1980–88
|
|
Gulf War, 1990–91
|
William Reis
ReplyDeleteIB History
Ms.Noce
4/19/14
1.With reference to two civil wars, compare and contrast the importance of ideology in (a) causing the civil war, and (by) attracting outside involvement.
In the Mexican Revolution war the Ideology in it was one of the causes of this significant civil war. In Mexico, around the time of when the war actually started, the Mexican country was ruled by Emiliano Zapata in which he was never interested into the legal ideology of the country, which was the traditional culture and the religion which ran in the countries for many years. While ruling the country, many city politicians found Zapato as a very suspicious man of doing wrong things, he never really followed the country’s ideology. On top of that, he spent years creating “superior conventional armies” (Historytoday.com) to fight off the government which they were against. One civil war that attracted other foreign country into the civil war was the Spanish Civil War which started in 1936 and it ended in 1939. This war is famous due to the amount of countries that join to either help the Republican and the Democrats side or the Rebel group which was ran by Francisco Franco. This specific civil war was influenced by other countries, which you can say it was one of the causes for this war, the war was influenced by “Communists, fascists and anti-fascist outside of Spain” (Studymode.com). Germany and Italy allied with the Rebels which was Franco’s side, they helped Franco with supplies like weapons, artillery tanks and many more. With the Republican side, they got help from the USSR in form of work force. Germany and Italy played a really important appearance in the war when it came to helping the rebel group and the Republicans received aid from foreign countries also.
2.Compare and contrast the causes of two twentieth century civil wars.
Two 20th century civil wars that i chose to talk about the causes are the Chinese Civil War and the Spanish Civil War. The Chinese Civil war main cause was the major fall of the Imperial Power. After Chinese was beaten by the British in the Opium War, after this defeat, outside countries started to take advantage of China in the tradings with this being said, it came to the nationalists mind that they must do something about it to get the power China had again by restoring the country. With many attempts in restoring the country’s power. The empire was overthrown and a power gap was created between KMT and CCP which later on they fought in battle causing the civil war. Now the Spanish Civil war, a kind of similar cause for civil war. In 1921 the Spanish government was corrupt and weak, with this being said, an army was sent to Morocco to stop a rebellion and they failed to do so, and that just prove how the Spanish government was weak. After this happened, in 1930, Rivera resembled the Spanish country by increasing industrial production which created more jobs and eventually he put an end to the rebellion at Morocco. All of this came to an end when the Great Depression his the Spanish country in 1930 really bad which caused to employment to lower down extremely and in 1931 elections were hosted at Spain and at the election Monarchy and Republicans were officially over. When this happened there were many states that demanded independence, the Catholic religion was against the new government and the government was against the Catholic religion. Basically the new government had a total different perspective of the Country’s economy and future than the population did and with this being said, the populations tried to solve problems themselves and the government were against this act, soon people inside the government was against the government itself. War broke out when the government's army killed over 20 innocents who were trying to catch anarchists.
3. Examine the impact of foreign intervention on either the Chinese Civil War or the Spanish Civil War.
ReplyDelete-European Countries were always abusing the Chinese because of trading.
-China fought war with the Japan and lost which left the Chinese filled with humiliation.
-The United States dropped the atomic bombs in Japan hoping Japan would surrender and stop territory expansion in China.
-Russia helped the Chinese build revolution back up again.
So at the end, the impact of foreign intervention of the Chinese Civil War had its good and bad side, there were countries who were helping the Chinese meanwhile other countries were exploiting the Chinese.
4. What were the main causes and results of the Spanish Civil War?
The Spanish Civil war in results was a very bloody war with over 450,000 killed, but at the end, its very fair to say that the Nationalists won the war, a new government was created under Francisco Franco and the Catholic churches were now named Church of Spain. But what caused all of this? It all started with the Great Depression which hit Spain’s economy very bad by lowering down employment and causing a new election, with the new election a new government was created in which the most of the population was against, when i say most of the population i mean the Catholics who were against the new form of government and the new government were against the Catholic religion, it was a very unstable atmosphere at that time. Obviously with the majority of the population against the government this was no sign of peace. The government had a completely different perspective of the future than the population did and the population tried to fix this problems but it didn’t go as expected.
5. Describe how the following components played a role in Nigeria in the 1960s:
a. The war was fought less for political principles than for reasons of hostility between different peoples in different regions
b. Civil war can arise because people in certain regions of a country feel oppressed or neglected because of political divisions
c.There are different religious ideas in a country
In Nigeria there are a variety of different religions, the mains one were Muslims and Christians, After 1960 when Nigeria gained Independence thanks to the British, Muslims from the northern region started attacking the Christians from Igbo and the Christian had no hope for the Military government to do something about it or even help them fight back so they created the “Republic of Biafra”. After a many attempts in trying to bring the country together as one war between Nigeria it self and Biafra occurred. Results of the war were pretty bad, they lost oil fields which was its main source for revenue and without funds for food to be imported from other countries, over 900 thousands civilians died of starvation. At the end, Biafra surrendered.
ReplyDelete6. In Spain, describe how the following three factors contributed to a civil war:
a. War was fought less for political principles than for reasons of hostility between different peoples in different regions
b. Civil war can arise: because people in certain regions of a country feel oppressed or neglected because of political divisions
c.There are different religious ideas in a country
The Spanish civil war was fought between Nationalists and the Christian religion. The reason why this civil war break out was because when Nationalist got elected to run the government in Spain, the Christian religion were extremely against the way nationalists had a view on the country’s future and back then the Christianity religion was very strong. Meanwhile the nationalists were also against the Christian religion.
7.Why has 20th-century warfare seen much less of a distinction between soldiers and civilians than the warfare of previous centuries? For example, one reason could be technology, i.e. the development of aircraft and bigger bombs.
Not being able to find a specific website that talks about this topic, but from my point of view i think the warfare that is more present now or the way war is being fought is less distinct between soldiers and civilians just simply because no civilians should be included in the war, they have nothing to do with why the war is being fought, war should be only fought soldiers from one side and soldiers from the other side. No civilians should also die for not one reason.
8. Explain briefly the difference between the following:
· Total war and limited war
· National war and civil war
· Conventional war and guerrilla war
· Strategy and tactics
· Defensive and offensive warfare.
Total War and Limited War- Total War is where there is basically no rules to the war, meaning you can use whatever type of equipment you wish, its almost saying there are no rules meanwhile limited war is pretty obvious by its name, there are limits to the war where you can only use certain type of equipment and there are rules.
National War and Civil War- National War is where 2 or more countries fight each other over something, according to my research, many years ago it was to fight over land, meanwhile, Civil War is a war fought in its own country, a war with the people of the same country as you.
Conventional war and Guerrilla war- Conventional war is when the war involves a very large amount of soldiers, a very large amount of planes/tanks being used for example WWI and WWII. Guerrilla war is almost the opposite of conventional war where guerrilla is fought by a very small groups which they use very different tactics compared to tactics used in conventional war.
Strategy and Tactics- Strategy and tactics are connected in some way. Strategy is the plan to achieve a certain goal organized by the organization meanwhile tactics is the goal that you must achieve using the strategy you created.
Defensive and Offensive Warfare- With the obvious names, Defensive warfare is where you’re in a state of defense, you’re only focusing on defense, where you’re defending/protecting the enemy’s attack towards the base or any specific place. Offensive warfare is the complete opposite of defense, where you’re only focusing on attacks, focusing on creating strategies to create a successful attack to gain territory.
ReplyDelete9. Decide whether each war is either total, limited or civil.
-World War I (1914-1918) > Limited War
-World War II (1939-1945) > Limited War
-Algerian War (1954-1962) > Total War
-Nigerian Civil War ( 1967-1970) > Civil War
-Falklands/Malvinas War (1982) > Limited War
-Nicaraguan Revolution (1978) > Civil War and Limited war
-Indo-Pakistani Wars (1947-1948, 1965 and 1971) >
-Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) > Civil War
-Chinese Civil War (1927-1949) > Civil War
-Iran/Iraq War (1980-1988) > Limited but soon changed to total war
-Gulf War (1990-1991) > Limited War
Work Cited
"EIAL VIII1 - The Ideology of the Mexican Revolution, 1910-40." EIAL VIII1 - The Ideology of the Mexican Revolution, 1910-40. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2014. .
"Evaluate the Importance of Foreign Intervention in the Spanish Civil War by Alex Reilly." Study Mode. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2014. .
"Causes of the American Civil War." Causes of the American Civil War. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. .
"The Causes of the Spanish Civil War." The Causes of the Spanish Civil War. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Apr. 2014. .
"What Role Did Foreign Intervention Play in the Chinese Civil War?" What Role Did Foreign Intervention Play in the Chinese Civil War? N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2014. .
"Civil War in Nigeria." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. .
Stephanie Santiago
ReplyDeleteApril 26, 2014
IB History
Ms. Noce
Civil Wars
1. With reference to two civil wars, compare and contrast the importance of ideology in (a) causing the civil war, and (b) attracting outside involvement.
Two civil wars I chose were Spanish Civil war and Russian Civil War. (a) The Spanish Civil war was ideally caused because of corruption from their leader at the time Alfonso XIII. They had been chosen to go end a rebellion. (b) Spanish Civil war had attracted outside involvement once it was under Primo de Rivera’s control. They seemed to suffer badly, although he did manage to end the Rebellion he left Spain economically bad. Once the Great Depression approached the country had suffered unemployment and had no money which caused them several other issues financially. (a) The Russian civil war was caused because several groups such as militarists and monarchists were against Lenin’s Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks were known as the reds while the others the whites. The Bolsheviks were considered “weak” due to the treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The other groups which were against were looking for support from the west. (b) They were looking for help during the time to defeat each other. They would get people to join armies to work together and they would also established groups within to gain power and take control.
2. Compare and contrast the causes of two twentieth century civil wars.
Two twentieth century civil wars I chose were Syrian Civil war and Libyan Civil war. The Syrian Civil War was mainly caused by the “Arab Spring” which was caused by the Tunisia revolution. Their uprising seemed to be very poor and negative. They were corrupted badly, had poor unemployment and under political repression from powerful leaders. Soon after they saw changes done by Al-Assad but that didn’t last for long. Days later troops were sent for war by the Syrian regime and from then on everything went downhill. The Libyan Civil war was caused in 2011 after the government had put an end with the civil war. The National Transitional Council (NTC) was known as a group against them, they stated Libya to be free and to make Libya into pluralism. The next year the NTC gave control to the General National Congress of Libya’s parliament. Libya had suffered several invasions by different groups before they reached their independence in 1951.
3. Examine the impact of foreign intervention on either the Chinese Civil war or the Spanish civil war.
The impact of foreign intervention on the Chinese Civil war was more negative rather than positive. European countries used the Chinese for trading. Japan had went to war with China which they loss and made them feel horrible. Germany had token China and gave it to Japan which made China furious since they felt like they had no control.
4. What were the main causes and results of the Spanish Civil war?
The main causes of the Spanish Civil war were the Great depression which from there Spain had gone downhill. They were corrupted by their government and leader. Because of their leader Alfonso XIII, they were forced to contribute in the rebellion to try to put an end to it. The cause of all this was the suffering they faced due to the corruption. They were financially weaken and suffered economically.
5. Describe how the following components played a role in Nigeria in the 1960s:
ReplyDeleteA. The war was fought less for political principles than for reasons of hostility between different people in different regions
B. Civil war can arise because people in certain regions of a country feel oppressed or neglected because of political divisions
C. There are different religious ideas in a country
(a) Nigeria had failed badly to maintain the country which led to war with Biafra in 1967. They had lost a lot of their resources. (b) The Igbos didn’t believe that Nigeria’s oppressive government would accept them to expand they also didn’t think they’d make it alive. In 1967, Odumegwu Ojukwu which was lieutenant had created the Republic of Biafra. (c) Nigeria had many different religious ideas. The Muslims from the North of Nigeria started conflicts with the Christian Igbos in the region. This led the Igbos to head off to the East.
6. In Spain, describe how the following three factors contributed to a civil war:
A. The war was fought less for political principles than for reasons of hostility between different people in different regions
B. Civil war can arise because people in certain regions of a country feel oppressed or neglected because of political divisions
C. There are different religious ideas in a country
(a) The Spanish civil war started all because an army from Spanish Morocco which than spread to Spain. The general Francisco Franco wanted all armies to come together as a power and overcome Spain’s republican government. (b) Regions often opposed against one another simply because they disagreed with their plans. Workers and others were ready to fight but unfortunately they weren’t allowed to use weapons because their government prohibited it. (c) The different religious ideas in Spain were the Republicans and nationalists wanting to protect their territories.
7. Why has 20th-century warfare seen much less of a distinction between soldiers and civilians than the warfare of previous centuries? For example, one reason could be technology, i.e. the development of aircraft and bigger bombs.
I think the 20th century warfare was viewed differently between soldiers and civilians than warfare in the past mainly because soldiers were the most important part of wars while civilians were just a part of civil wars.
8. Explain briefly the difference between the following:
ReplyDelete- Total war and limited war: A total war is an unrestricted war which basically means you’re allowed to use as many weapons as possible. While limited war is the opposite of total war because they are restricted to several resources and weapons.
- National war and civil war: A National war is when multiple nations fight against each other while Civil war is a war between citizens in the same country.
- Conventional war and Guerrilla war: Conventional war is a war with a great amount of troops and resources. Guerrilla war is a war which has a small group of troops and fewer resources.
- Strategy and tactics: Strategy is used as a plan of action to achieve an aim. Tactics are also an action/strategy carefully planned to achieve a specific end.
- Defensive and offensive warfare: Defensive warfare is where a war at least one nation is trying to defend itself from another. Offensive warfare is an aggressive protection military operation of troops which successfully achieve a tactical goal.
9. Decide whether each war listed below is either total, limited or civil war.
- First World War, 1914-18 – Total war
- Second World War, 1939-45 – Total war
- Algerian War, 1954-62 – Limited war
- Nigerian Civil War, 1967-70 – Civil war
- Falklands/Malvinas War, 1982 – Limited war
- Nicaraguan Revolution, began 1978 – Limited war
- Indo-Pakistan Wars, 1947-48, 1965, 1971 – Limited war
- Spanish Civil War, 1936-39 – Civil war
- Chinese Civil War, 1927-49 – Civil war
- Iran-Iraq War, 1980-88 – Total war
- Gulf War, 1990-91 – Total war
Sources:
- www.historylearningsite.co.uk/causes_spanish_civil_war.htm
- http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/russian_civil_war1.htm
- http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/24/world/meast/syria-101/
- http://ibbible.tumblr.com/post/22964585483/what-role-did-foreign-intervention-play-in-the-chinese
- http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13754897
- http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/spanish-civil-war-breaks-out
- http://www.gloria-center.org/2009/06/dodds-wilson-2009-06-06/
ESSAY
ReplyDeleteCarlos Callejas
1. With reference to two civil wars, compare and contrast the importance of ideology in (a) causing the civil war, and (b) attracting outside involvement.
Ideology is the essence of a civil war (and also pretties much any war), the belief that a certain ideology is superior or correct can divide the people of a country and eventually lead to a civil war. When the war becomes more public, it can attract foreign attention and some countries may support the side that has a similar ideology to the foreign country. For example, the Guatemalan Civil War (1960-1996) was caused by the desire to take down the dictatorial and brutal military government, which showed disregard for the country’s constitution and favored the elite, in order to resume the democratic and economic reforms done by presidents Juan José Arévalo and Jacobo Árbenz for the progress of the nation. Similarly, the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) was caused by dictatorship clashing with democracy, but this War was “backwards” when compared to Guatemala; the war was started to replace the Spanish Republic with a military dictatorship. The Left vs. Right conflict also came into place in the Spanish Civil War, unlike Guatemala, with the Republicans wanting to establish a Socialist (left wing) state vs. Francisco Franco’s desire to take a far right-wing approach by establishing a fascist-style military dictatorship.
Contrasting the Guatemalan Civil War, which had no foreign intervention during the war, in the Spanish Civil War there was large involvement by foreign powers. Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and Portugal sympathized with Franco’s right-wing ideology and provided support for his side with weapons and supplies. Russia, who was aligned with the left-wing aided the Republican faction with a working force.
2. Compare and contrast the causes of two twentieth century civil wars.
As previously mentioned, both the Guatemalan Civil War and the Spanish Civil war had the common cause of desire to take down to derrocate a the government to replace it with a different style of government. Both the Guatemalan and Spanish Civil Wars had both political and social roots for the initiation of war, the social factor in Guatemala was the tremendous inequality between working class (mainly Mayan indigenous) and in Spain the situation for most of the population (during the Great Depression), as well as those of most European countries, drove the people to favor authoritarian governments over democratic republics (IE: Weimar Republic failure).
The difference lays in that there was a conflict between right-wing and left-wing ideals involved in the Spanish Civil war, another factor that drove Francisco Franco to launch an attack was the belief that Socialism (left wing) would bring nothing good for Spain and that the only way Spain could survive the Depression was through authoritarianism (far right).
3. Examine the impact of foreign intervention on either the Chinese Civil War or the Spanish Civil War.
Foreign intervention in the Spanish Civil War had a major role in the victory of the Nationalist side. During the time in which the War took place, most of Europe was adopting right-wing nationalist/fascist governments or ideals, conversely the only major Communist power in Europe was Russia. This meant that the Republicans (Socialists) would not get as much support to their cause as the Rebels (Nationalists) would. This in turn made the Rebels much stronger, and to add to their strength, the USA was aiding the Nationalists by supplying fuel, vehicles and importing products from Rebel-owned industries. The USA supported the Nationalists due to their phobia of Communism and its associated political ideologies. In the end, the Nationalists won and the Republic of Spain fell.
5. What were the main causes and results of the Spanish Civil War?
ReplyDeleteThe main result of the Spanish Civil War was the fall of the Second Spanish Republic and the rise of Francisco Franco’s military dictatorship, with about half a million dead in the process. The main cause of the war was the Great Depression, which put most of Europe in a dreary economical situation with worsening living conditions. The Depression hit Spain, and the newly adopted Republic system was seen as too slow. Moreover, the nation became divided between the Socialists (workers, poor people, and middle class) and the Nationalists (Business owners, upper class, military, and bureaucrats). The Nationalists were disgruntled with the end of the monarchy, and were even more upset when a Socialist party won the elections in 1936. It could also be said that the Nationalists were angry at Socialism taking over Spain because they would lose power and money in a Socialist system. In the same year that the Socialists won the election, the war broke out.
6. Describe how the following components played a role in Nigeria in the 1960s:
a. The war was fought less for political principles than for reasons of hostility between different peoples in different regions
b. Civil war can arise because people in certain regions of a country feel oppressed or neglected because of political divisions
c.There are different religious ideas in a country
When there are two different religions in a same country (Islam and Christianity in this case), conflict or division is almost guaranteed. Thanks to the nature of most religions, everyone of one religion thinks everyone else is impure, and vice-versa. This conflict between religions was one of the causes of the Nigerian (or Biafran) War. Moreover, the government was Muslim so the Christians who were attacked were not protected by the government against their attackers. Since not even the government could help them, they took the conflict further and turned it into a war.
7. In Spain, describe how the following three factors contributed to a civil war:
a.War was fought less for political principles than for reasons of hostility between different peoples in different regions
b. Civil war can arise: because people in certain regions of a country feel oppressed or neglected because of political divisions
c.There are different religious ideas in a country
In Spain, there was a less marked religious division, between Christianity and Catholicism (the official religion of Spain). The division in the people was between the poor, workers and middle class, vs. The rich, business owners, and military. Furthermore, the former were mainly for Socialism and systems which would help them and the latter wanted systems that kept their power and wealth intact. Once the Socialists won the elections, the Nationalists felt that they would be neglected and stripped of power under this new administration so they decided to take action. The Catholic Church, to an extent, favored the elite and neglected or lied to the worker class, which further fueled the desire to create a Socialist state without religion meddling in politics.
8. Why has 20th-century warfare seen much less of a distinction between soldiers and civilians than the warfare of previous centuries?
ReplyDeleteI believe the advancements in technology and more straightforward weapons helped blur the line between a civilian and a soldier. Previously, soldiers needed thorough conditioning, and training in using their complex weapons, afterwards anyone with an able body, a gun and instructions on how to shoot a gun could take part in a war. Moreover, the large amount of conflicts around the world could have weakened or decimated the military and, thus, left fewer soldiers to fight and civilians were used to fill in their ranks.
9. Explain briefly the difference between the following:
• Total war and limited war
• National war and civil war
• Conventional war and guerrilla war
• Strategy and tactics
• Defensive and offensive warfare.
Total War is absolute war, free-for-all, the war can spread as far as it can and the belligerents use whatever tactics or weapons they want. Limited war is discrete, it focuses only on a certain area as the battlefield and is more “orderly” than total war.
National War refers to a war between different nations, whereas Civil War refers to war between different factions within the same country.
Conventional War is the more “traditional” sort of war, with many regular soldiers and machinery, organized tactics and plans, divided blocks of attack forces, etc. Guerrilla War (coming from Spanish for “little war”) refers to a war fought with few soldiers with no true uniform or obligation beyond personal desire to fight for their cause and irregular or even erratic tactics.
Strategy and Tactics are pretty much the same thing: what you do in a war to achieve an objective. But according to my findings, Strategy is the plan itself, while Tactics is how you physically carry out the plan.
Defensive and Offensive warfare is pretty much self-explanatory. Defensive warfare refers to not allowing the enemy to pass further, whereas offensive warfare is all about aggression and advancing unto the enemy.
10. Decide whether each war is either: total, limited or civil.
-World War I (1914-1918)= Total War
-World War II (1939-1945)= Territorial Control 20 teams max no time limit no hacks no respawning vehicles enabled (Total War)
-Algerian War (1954-1962)= Limited War
-Nigerian Civil War ( 1967-1970)= Civil War
-Falklands/Malvinas War (1982)= Limited War
-Nicaraguan Revolution (1978)= Limited War
-Indo-Pakistani Wars (1947-1948, 1965 and 1971)= Limited War
-Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)= Civil War
-Chinese Civil War (1927-1949)= Civil War
-Iran/Iraq War (1980-1988)= Limited War
-Gulf War (1990-1991)= Limited War
SOURCES:
Me
El Latinoamericano, article by Martín G., Guatemala http://marting.stormpages.com/guerragua.htm
El Periódico 2013, article by Edelberto Torres-Rivas http://www.elperiodico.com.gt/es/20130623//230107
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/558032/Spanish-Civil-War
http://pw20c.mcmaster.ca/case-study/spanish-civil-war-foreign-intervention-and-american-reaction
“The Nigerian Civil War, Causes, Strategies, and Lessons learned”, By Major Abubakar A. Atofarati, 1992 http://www.africamasterweb.com/BiafranWarCauses.html
“The difference between Strategy and Tactics”, by Jeremiah Owyang, Jan 14th 2013. http://www.web-strategist.com/blog/2013/01/14/the-difference-between-strategy-and-tactics/
Jerilys S.
ReplyDeleteMs.Noce
IB World History
Civil Wars
1) With reference to two civil wars, compare and contrast the importance of ideology in (a) causing the civil war, and (b) attracting outside involvement.
- The two civil wars I choose are Guatemalan Civil War and the American Civil War. According to dictionary.com, ideology means “the body of doctrine, myth, belief, etc., that guides an individual, social movement, institution, class, or large group.” In other words, it means people believe in something and that guides them towards a better future. The cause of the Guatemalan Civil War is that people against the government due to the poverty and foreign companies taking over the land of indigenous farmers. The foreign companies and the people fighting against the government had a different ideology. The foreign companies believed in a better future for themselves but they were very selfish about it. The people rebelling against the government had the ideology of fighting for a better life and for their land. The cause of the American Civil War for many people is slavery. The North and the South were against each other because the North was against slavery and the South supported it. Both sides had a different ideology since they both fought for different things. Attracting outside involvement was not a good idea because after the war, both sides were economically hurt. They owed millions of dollars to troops, the citizens and the government needed money in order to get the country back up.
2) Compare and contrast the causes of two twentieth century civil wars.
- The two twentieth century civil wars I choose are the Syrian Civil War and the Mexican Drug War. The Syrian Civil War was a conflict that lasted a year. It started in 2011 and ended in 2012. It was between protesters of the Ba’ath Party and those who supported it. In this war around 16,000 people died. The Mexican Drug is a conflict between drug cartels fighting to dominate Mexico. Even though this conflict had been occurring for decades, they became more powerful in the 1900s. This two civil wars do not have a lot in common other than the fact they are both civil wars. They differ because it occurred in different places, different years and for different causes.
3) Examine the impact of foreign intervention on either the Chinese Civil War or the Spanish Civil War.
- The Chinese Civil War occurred between the years of 1927 and 1950. The conflict was between the Nationalists and the Communists of China. The United States intervened with the intention to help China become strong. The impact of foreign intervention is that the foreign intervention risks their own country’s safety and economy and that is huge because the citizens depend on them.
4) What were the main causes and results of the Spanish Civil War?
- The main causes of the Spanish Civil War are wanting independence, unemployment and economic depression. The results of the Spanish Civil War are they were economically weaken and around 500,000 people died.
ReplyDelete5) Describe how the following components played a role in Nigeria in the 1960s:
a. The war was fought less for political principles than for reasons of hostility between different peoples in different regions
b. Civil war can arise because people in certain regions of a country feel oppressed or neglected because of political divisions
c. There are different religious ideas in a country
- a: This played a role in Nigeria in the 1960s because this meant that people were fighting against each other for their region.
b: This played a role in Nigeria in the 1960s because this meant that the people could possibly rebell against the government due to the political divisions.
c: This played a role in Nigeria in the 1960s because this meant that there could easily be a clash in cultures.
6) In Spain, describe how the following three factors contributed to a civil war:
a. War was fought less for political principles than for reasons of hostility between different peoples in different regions
b. Civil war can arise: because people in certain regions of a country feel oppressed or neglected because of political divisions
c. There are different religious ideas in a country
- These three factors contributed to a civil war because they all brought conflicts for everyone in the country. People were not pleased with the political divisions and they fought because there were many different beliefs and religious ideas in the regions of the country.
7) Why has 20th-century warfare seen much less of a distinction between soldiers and civilians than the warfare of previous centuries? For example, one reason could be technology, i.e. the development of aircraft and bigger bombs.
- Not finding a lot of information on this topic, I can assume the 20th century warfare was seen differently because during this century the soldiers and civilians were equally needed to fight in such conflicts.
8) Explain briefly the difference between the following:
· Total war and limited war
· National war and civil war
ReplyDelete· Conventional war and guerrilla war
· Strategy and tactics
· Defensive and offensive warfare.
- Total war means that the weapons used and territory is unrestricted, while limited war means that the weapons used and territory are restricted in a way or another. National war means that the conflicts are fought for independence, while civil war means that the citizens fight among each other. A conventional war means that two or more states are involved, while guerilla war means small armies using objects or places as tactics. A strategy means a plan, while a tactic means an action. Defensive warfare means fighting to defend themselves, while offensive warfare means to occupy a territory by force.
9) Decide whether each war listed below is either total, limited or civil.
War
First World War, 1914-18
Second World War, 1939–45
Algerian War, 1954–62
Nigerian Civil War, 1967–70
Falklands/Malvinas War, 1982
Nicaraguan Revolution, began 1978
Indo–Pakistan Wars, 1947–48, 1965, 1971
Spanish Civil War, 1936–39
Chinese Civil War, 1927–49
Iran–Iraq War, 1980–88
Gulf War, 1990–91
- War: Total
- First World War: Total
- Second World War: Total
- Algerian War: I would say national but that is not an option therefore, total
- Nigerian Civil War: Civil
- Falklands/Malvinas War: I would say offensive but that is also not an option therefore, total
- Nicaraguan Revolution: Civil
- Indo–Pakistan Wars: Total
- Spanish Civil War: Civil
- Chinese Civil War: Civil
- Iran- Iraq War: Total
- Gulf War: Total
Workcited :
- "Algerian War." Princeton University. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Apr. 2014.
- BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 25 Apr. 2014.
- The Causes of the Spanish Civil War." The Causes of the Spanish Civil War. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Apr. 2014.
- "The Cost of the American Civil War." The Cost of the American Civil War. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Apr. 2014.
-"Google." Google. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Apr. 2014.
- "Guatemalan Civil War." La Pedrera School Project. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Apr. 2014.
- "Ideology." Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, n.d. Web. 26 Apr. 2014.
- "Mexican Drug War - the Polynational War Memorial." Mexican Drug War - the Polynational War Memorial. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Apr. 2014.
- "Military." Chinese Civil War. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Apr. 2014.
- "Syrian Civil War - the Polynational War Memorial." Syrian Civil War - the Polynational War Memorial. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Apr. 2014.
Miladys Florentino
ReplyDeleteMs.Noce
#1.) The two civil wars I’ll be comparing and contrasting is the Battle of Cold Harbor and the Gulf War.
On May 31, General Sheridan's mounted force seized the crucial intersection of Old Cold Harbor. Accomplices later arrived and conflicted with the Union Sixth and Eighteenth Corps when they arrived at Cold Harbor that night. On June 3, the Union Second, Sixth, and Eighteenth Corps, took after later by the Fifth and Ninth Corps, attacked along the Bethesda Church-Cold Harbor line and were brutally killed. Award hauled out of Cold Harbor following nine days of trench warfare and kept on attempting to flank Lee's armed force at Petersburg.The Gulf War began in August 2, 1990. Throughout this time period, there had been a war between Iraq and Iran for a long period of time. The United Nations expedited a kind of stop flame or peace exertion between the two nations in the early 1990s. A couple of weeks after this stop blaze was founded, there was an alternate conflict between Iraq and Iran. The United Nations then started going into the clash with a specific end goal to keep on negotiating peace.
#2.) The two twentieth century civil wars I’ll be comparing is Czechoslovakia, country peacefully split and also Sri Lanka, military victory of majority over the minority community in the north.Slovaks never had own state and were extra class in the state. Slovaks left the state in 1938 and the strains had returned occasionally when normal state confronted issues in 1968 and 1989. In 1990, the Czech population was unmistakably eager to end the normal state to the extent that Slovaks who in masses were supporting the disintegration. Czechs had distinctive vision of social state with more liberal attitude running from far reaching backing to gay rights to ecological laws and loose medication approach in examination to Slovakia.The peace talks in Sri Lanka have over and again independence for three principle reasons. Initially, the legislature's disappointment to take part in structural change as well as concerns towards the people. Second, throughout their discussions, both gatherings have focused on prompt issues, the usage of the ceasefire agreement or not know what will be the end result will turn out to. Lastly, the sum of the peace talks have been respective and have experienced lack of investment and representation.
#3&4.)European countries used the Chinese for trading, while Japan had gone to war with China which they didn't win and made them feel more than terrible. Germany had conquered China and then offered China to Japan which made China incensed since they had an inclination that they had no control.
#5.) The main cause of the Spanish Civil War were in need of independence, unemployment and financial worries. Not only were they having these problems but they were also financially weak and a numerous amount of people died.
#6.)Nigeria was unsuccessful towards maintaining the nation which later led to war with Biafra in 1967, they had lost a great deal of their assets. The Igbos didn't accept that Nigeria's cruel government might acknowledge them to grow they likewise didn't think they'd make it alive. In 1967, Odumegwu Ojukwu which was lieutenant had made the Republic of Biafra. Nigeria had numerous diverse religions, the Muslims from the North of Nigeria began clashes with the Christian Igbos in the area.
#7.)The Spanish civil war began due to an armed force from Spanish Morocco which spread to Spain, Francisco Franco needed all armed forces to meet up as a force and conquer Spain's republican government. Areas frequently contradicted against each one in turn basically on the grounds that they couldn't help contradicting their arrangements. Laborers and others were prepared to battle yet shockingly they were not permitted to utilize weapons, the distinctive religious plans in Spain were the republicans and patriots which wanted to protect their own.
#8.) The 20th century warfare differs from warfare in the past centuries due to the new and improved technology that are made for war, including bombs and new weapons. As well as, automatic guns with laser to aim to target, aircraft, and tanks containing gas. Soldiers, on the other hand are way more prepared and are taught more than previous soldiers in the past centuries.
ReplyDelete#9.) · Total war and limited war
- A total war is unlimited as far as the weapons utilized, the domain or soldiers included, or the destinations sought after, particularly one in which the laws of war are neglected. While a limited war, restricts aims and resources.
· National war and civil war
- A national war is fought to gain independence, a civil war is between the people within the same country.
· Conventional war and guerrilla war
- A conventional war weapons and front line strategies between two or more states in open meeting. The strengths on each one side are generally characterized, and battle utilizing weapons that essential focus on the rival's military. On the other hand, a Guerrilla War is basically based within small groups and much resources aren’t used.
· Strategy and tactics
- Strategy is utilized as an arrangement of activity to attain a point, while tactics are are used to reach that point or goal.
· Defensive and offensive warfare.
- A defensive war is basically a war in which is trying to defend itself from another country or where both sides are trying to conquer each other. An offensive war, its usually planned and focus heavily on the enemy.
#10.)
First World War ,1914-1918 - Total War
Second World War, 1939-45 - Total War
Algerian War, 1954-62 - Limited War
Nigerian Civil War, 1967-70 - Total War
Falklands /Malvinas War, 1982 - Total War
Nicaraguan Revolution , began 1978 - Limited War
Indo-Pakistan Wars, 1947-48, 1965, 1971 - Limited War
Spanish Civil Wars, 1936-39 - Civil War
Iran-Iraq War, 1980-88 - Total War
Gulf War, 1990-91 - Total War
Sources:
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/limited+war
www.dictionary.com (most vocabulary)
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/causes_spanish_civil_war.htm
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/spanish-civil-war-breaks-out
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13754897
http://www.war-memorial.net/wars_all.asp
http://www.wmd.org/resources/whats-being-done/ngo-participation-peace-negotiations/history-conflict-sri-lanka
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/death/
1. With reference to two civil wars, compare and contrast the importance of ideology in (a) causing the civil war, and (b) attracting outside involvement.
ReplyDeletea) CHINESE CIVIL WAR
There were two ideologies in China; the nationalists and the communists. This is one of the reasons why the Chinese civil war; because both had different ideas of how China should run itself.
SPANISH CIVIL WAR
There were many different ideas regarding to how Spain should run. Some of the people who had different ideas were the people in the government, military and the citizens of Spain. This was also one of the many reasons why the Spanish civil war happened.
b) CHINESE CIVIL WAR
China didn’t really want any help from the outside. The U.S tried to help the tension between the nationalists and the communists by “promoting a coalition government between the two parts.” However, both parts rejected U.S’s help which caused the Chinese civil war, which made everything worse. On the other hand, China did accept the USSR’s help because they feared that another communist would take over China and they felt that the USSR would protect them.
SPANISH CIVILWAR
Spain wanted help from the outside (USSR) because they feared that Italy and Germany would take over Spain. Spain also need help from the USSR because they also had an outbreak; a gentlemen from Spain, Franco, murdered another gentlemen, Sotelo, which was a complete mistake. Therefore, needing help from the USSR to protect them.
2. Compare and contrast the causes of two twentieth century civil wars.
FIRST IVORIAN CIVIL WAR
This civil war happened on September 19 2002- March 4, 2007 on the Ivory Coast. Soldiers from the north felt strong about their ideology and wanted to make sure their ideas was picked. Therefore, leaving them to take control over the cities. Right when the northerners got control over Abidjan, there were many attacks against the northerners causing the Ivorian civil war. This civil war ended with a peacemaker. France sent 2500 men to create a peace line.
CHAD CIVIL WAR
This civil happened on December 18, 2005- January 15, 2010 located in Chad. The two ideologies that got in between peace was the Muslim northerners and the Christian southerners. There was a peace deal in 2003. However, it was broken. Three groups came together to kill the president of Chad, Ldriss Deby. However, their plain back fired on them and the Chadian government won the civil war.
A similarity was both wars had a peace agreement and both agreements were broken. However, the first Ivorian civil war ended with a peace agreement but the Chad civil war ended with a winner; the Chadian government. Both wars started because there were different ideas of how their country should run.
3. Examine the impact of foreign intervention on either the Chinese Civil War or Spanish Civil War.
ReplyDeleteThe impact of foreign intervention on the Chinese civil war was that the League of Nations weren’t able to come to China’s aid when he needed it. With that being said, Japan thought it was a good opportunity to attack China because China didn’t have any back up. This impacted China because Japan was attacking China and he wasn’t strong enough to beat Japan by themselves. This was when China asked for help from the Soviet Union to protect them from Japan. This help from the Soviet Union impacted China because China felt a little bit safer and confident when fighting with Japan because they knew they had back up.
4. Examine the impact of foreign intervention on either the Chinese Civil War or Spanish Civil War.
Spain had a lot of supporters that weren’t from Spain. Some of the citizens in Spain were German, Italian, and Portuguese. These people helped Spain by giving them money and helped improve the Nationalists force.
5. What the main causes and results of the Spanish Civil War?
CAUSES
1. The communists wanted a democracy and they didn’t want churches and State to be connected together. Basically meaning that they didn’t want any religions. The nationalists disagreed with all of this.
2. The nationalists wanted a monarchy and thought that the Soviet Union would be good allies but the communists didn’t think so.
3. Both leaders of Mussolini and Germany decided to go with the nationalists. Which made the communists extremely mad. Both leaders were providing the nationalists with lessons on guerrilla warfare so that the nationalists would be able to defeat the communists and take over Spain.
RESULTS
1. Alfonso XIII, king of Spain, turned Spain into a monarchy.
2. Two new groups were added to Spain, by General Francisco Franco, the Nationalists and the Republicans (communists).
3. The churches, the military, and the land aristocracy “increasingly employed violence”.
4. Germany and Italy provided the nationalists with tanks, arms, and planes. While the Soviet Union helped the Republicans.
5. The Nationalists triumphed in victory.
6. Describe how the following components played a role in Nigeria in the 1960s:
a). The war was fought less for political principles than for reasons of hostility between different peoples in different regions.
b). Civil war can arise because people in certain regions of a country feel oppressed or neglected because of political divisions.
c). There are different religious ideas in a country.
A. In Nigeria the war was fought because of hostility between different people in different religions because they all had different views as to how Nigeria should run and they all wanted different things which led to violence.
B. Between the two religions in Nigeria, Christian and Muslim, this could arise to war because the people in Nigeria felt strongly on what they believed in and they wouldn’t stop until they get what they wanted. Therefore, leading up to the Christians and Muslims fighting for what they want.
C. In Nigeria there were many different religions. There were Muslims and Christians. This played a role in Nigeria because this caused lots of tension between the people in Nigeria.
7. In Spain, describe how the following three factors contributed to a civil war:
ReplyDeletea). The war was fought less for political principles than for reasons of hostility between different peoples in different regions.
b). Civil war can arise because people in certain regions of a country feel oppressed or neglected because of political divisions.
c). There are different religious ideas in a country.
A). This caused the war because the people in different religions felt strongly about god and in what they believe in. They wanted people to go to believe in their religion and not their own. Which of curse need some enforcement; causing violence. This was more important because in the religious peoples perspective god is their whole world so they will do whatever it takes.
B). When there was a separation in Spain some people for neglected or oppressed. This led to war because when people feel ignored or when they get treated wrongly they will strike back and that is what the people of Spain did.
C). In Spain the different religions are Roman Catholic, Jews, Sephardic, and Anglicans. This can lead to war because there were so many religions in Spain and they were all completely different from each other. The people in the different religions wanted their religion to be the only religion resulting in to war.
8). Why has 20-century warfare seen much less of a distinction between soldiers and civilians than warfare of previous centuries?
The 20-century warfare seen much less of a distinction between soldiers and civilians than warfare of previous centuries because before they didn’t have as good of a technology than we do now. Another reason might be because it’s a faster process. It would be faster to just bomb a city than to go and fight in a line (strategy used in the previous centuries). Strange to say, it is actually safer to use strategies that does involve soldiers and civilians fighting face to face. If they were to fight face to face then the chances of them getting killed will be greater because there is a machine gun that can kill u if you’re not looking. But if you’re in an airplane then it takes more than one bullet to kill you.
9). Explain briefly the difference between the following: (Total War and Limited War), (National War and civil War), (Conventional War and Guerrilla War), (Strategy and Tactics). (Defensive and Offensive Warfare).
TOTAL WAR- A person/group/country prepares themselves in attacking the opposing country/person/group and taking over their whole country. Take all their resources or capture all of their citizens. LIMITED WAR- A person/group/country fights with another person/group/country and takes ONLY some of their resources.
NATIONAL WAR- These wars are fought by nationalities which their purpose is to get their independence. CIVIL WAR- A war fought by citizens in the same country.
CONVENTIONAL WAR- In this type of war they use conventional weapons. They also use battlefield tactics “between two or more states”. GUERRILLA WAR- Small groups that will attack another place using hit and run, raids, or sabotage.
STRATEGY- A plan made to make your goal achieve. TACTICS- A plan that is “CAREFULY planed out to achieve a SPECIFIC END”.
DEFENSIVE WARFARE- When a country attacks back ONLY because they are trying to protect themselves. OFFENSIVE WARFARE- When a country is being aggressive to another country without having any reasonable reasons.
10). Decide Whether each war listed below is either total, limited or civil.
FIRST WORLD WAR- total war
SECOND WORLD WAR- total war
ALGERUAN WAR- limited war
NIGERIAN CIVIL WAR- civil war
FALKLANDS/ MALVINANS WAR- total war
NICARAGUAN REVOLUTION- total war
INDO-PAKISTAN WARS- limited war
SPANISH CIVIL WAR- civil war
CHINESE CIVIL WAR- civil war
IRAN-IRAQ WAR- limited war
GULF WAR- total war
WORK CITED
“Chinese Civil War” www.History.com
“Spanish Civil War” www.History.com
“Ivorian Civil War” www.Hisotry.com
“Chad Civil War” www.Hisorty.com
www.Dictionary.com
Germairy Roman
ReplyDeleteMs. Noce
IB History 11
4/27/14
1. With reference to two civil wars, compare and contrast the importance of ideology in (a) causing the civil war, and (b) attracting outside involvement.
Ideology is important in creating wars because it is the basis of a war. Ideology are ideas or views that come from a leader in a country or groups of people that have power. (a) The Chinese Civil War was based off of the ideology of two different parties. Those two parties initially tried to bring China together but the plan failed. Afterwards the two parties had bad blood and went against each other. This played a part in the creation of the Chinese Civil War. In the Vietnam War it was more of a group ideology. There were vietnamese opposition movements created. These movements were created so that vietnam can gain independence and also prevent japanese occupation. The United States and the Chinese Nationalist Party supported Vietnam in their fight against the Japanese. (b) The Chinese Civil War attracted the attention of the Soviet Union and the Vietnam War had involvement from the Chinese Nationalist Party and also the United States. Attracting outside involvement is important because it can either give a country enemies or allies.
2. Compare and contrast the causes of two twentieth century civil wars.
The two civil wars I've chosen to compare and contrast is the Finnish Civil War and the Chinese Civil War. The Finnish Civil War happened as a result of WWII. Finland was in Possession of the Russian empire in 1917 which was during the Second World War. The Russian empire was defeated in 1917 which caused the empire to collapse. All of the craziness that ensued due to the empire's collapse caused the breakdown of the state of Finland and of the Finnish society. All of this was happening while Finland had an unstable economy and different political views. When the Russian empire was defeated Finland gained independence in December 1917. The Chinese Civil War was basically a dispute between two parties. Two parties were formed after the Qing Dynasty collapsed in 1911. Those two parties were the nationalist Kuomintang Party and the Communist Party (CPC). Both parties wanted to unite china in which they did but that didn't last very long. There was a rivalry between both of the parties. The rivalry turned into a war in 1927. Chiangmai Kai-Shek who was apart of the Kuomintang party wanted to destroy the CPC. The Kuomintang party arrested and killed many CPC leaders. The comparison between these two civil wars is that they were both caused by the collapse of an empire.
3. Examine the impact of foreign intervention on either the Chinese Civil War or the Spanish Civil War.
The impact of foreign intervention in the Chinese Civil War was a positive impact. The Chinese had involvement from the United States which was great because they received support from the US. China also received support from the Chinese Nationalist Party. They received support while they were fighting off the Japanese.
4. Examine the impact of foreign intervention on either the Chinese Civil War or the Spanish Civil War.
The Spanish Civil War also had foreign intervention. The Spanish Civil War had outside involvement from Italy, Germany, and Portugal. This foreign intervention was positive because the countries that intervene would support the Spanish and supply them. The Spanish were supplied with money and weapons. Nationalist forces led by Francisco Franco were also supported by these countries.
5. What were the main causes and results of the Spanish Civil War?
ReplyDeleteSpain was a constitutional monarchy in 1920 so they were ruled by a king. That king was Alfonso XIII. In 1921, Spain's government was corrupt and had horrible leadership. General Primo de Rivera took control of Spain after being granted permission from king Alfonso XII. This caused Spain to experience a coup. General Primo was basically a military dictator and Alfonso wasn't against him. Spain then suffered a depression and its people had unemployment and terrible living conditions. The results of the Spanish Civil War was Spain being a target of General Franco who planned to take over the mainland Spain.
6. Describe how the following components played a role in Nigeria in the 1960s:
a. The war was fought less for political principles than for reasons of hostility between different peoples in different regions
b. Civil war can arise because people in certain regions of a country feel oppressed or neglected because of political divisions
c. There are different religious ideas in a country
(a) In 1967, Colonel Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu didn't want to accept the division of the eastern region of Nigeria so he made the eastern region independent from Nigeria and called it Biafra. (b) The division of the eastern region of Nigeria caused a civil war. Biafra and the rest of Nigeria went against each other. Also in 1966, General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi killed the prime minister and took control of the government along with army officers. The army officers consisted mostly of Ibo people. (c) After Nigeria gaind independence from Britain there was tension between people that had different religious views as well as political views. People worth different views would fight against each other even though they were from the same country.
7. In Spain, describe how the following three factors contributed to a civil war:
a. War was fought less for political principles than for reasons of hostility between different peoples in different regions
b. Civil war can arise: because people in certain regions of a country feel oppressed or neglected because of political divisions
c. There are different religious ideas in a country
(a) One of the reasons the Spanish Civil War was caused was because of Spain suffering a depression. The depression caused people to lose jobs and also live poorly. (b) Spain was controlled by king Alfonso XIII for sometime before General Primo took over. People didn't have a say in who was going to be ruler which wasn't fair. General Primo was considered a military dictator and he was supported by Alfonso XIII. (c) Spain contained a variety of religions and that caused tension. Eventually religions would clash and go against each other.
8. Why has 20th-century warfare seen much less of a distinction between soldiers and civilians than the warfare of previous centuries? For example, one reason could be technology, i.e. the development of aircraft and bigger bombs.
In 20th-century warfare there were more modern weapons and technology than the warfare of precious centuries. I guess since the 20th-century had more of the same weapons and technology mor people were able to use it. In previous centuries there was probably less options when it came to weapons and technology.
9. Explain briefly the difference between the following:
ReplyDelete· Total war and limited war
In a total war, countries want to take over as many other countries as they can and use any amount of their resources as they want. In a limited war, countries aren't into mobilizing as much as in a total war. Countries also save resources and don't use much of it.
· National war and civil war
National wars are when countries fight for their independence. Civil wars are wars that are fought within a country.
· Conventional war and guerrilla war
Conventional war is fought between two or more states and chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons aren't used. Guerilla warfare is more about tactics. Tactics include ambushes, sabotage, and raids.
· Strategy and tactics
Strategy is like looking at the bigger picture. It is the entire plan. Tactics are the pieces to the strategy. A tactic can be a goal that has to be reached in order to accomplish the plan.
· Defensive and offensive warfare.
Defensive warfare is when a nation is trying to defend themselves from another nation. Offensive warfare is when two nations go against each other and invade each other.
10. Decide whether each war listed below is either total, limited or civil.
First World War, 1914-18 - Total War
Second World War, 1939–45 - Total War
Algerian War, 1954–62 - Total War
Nigerian Civil War, 1967–70 - Civil War
Falklands/Malvinas War, 1982 - Limited War
Nicaraguan Revolution, began 1978 - Civil War
Indo–Pakistan Wars, 1947–48, 1965, 1971 - Limited War
Spanish Civil War, 1936–39 - Civil War
Chinese Civil War, 1927–49 - Civil War
Iran–Iraq War, 1980–88 - Limitef War
Gulf War, 1990–91 - Limited War
Works Cited
1. http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Finnish_Civil_War.html
2. http://www.ducksters.com/history/cold_war/chinese_civil_war.php
3. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/causes_spanish_civil_war.htm
4. http://glpinc.org/Classroom%20Activities/Nigeria%20Articles/Nigeria-history%20since%201960.htm
5. http://www.everyculture.com/Ma-Ni/Nigeria.html#b
Dimas A. Amezquita
ReplyDeleteIB History
Ms. Noce
April 27, 2014
1. With reference to two civil wars, compare and contrast the importance of ideology in (a) causing the civil war, and (b) attracting outside involvement.
- The Mexican Revolution War made the Ideology being one of the causes of the war. In Mexico during that time before the Mexican Revolution, Mexico was ruled by Emiliano Zapata and he never was interested on the legal things of ideology for his country, but it was traditional by its culture and religion that the countries was ran for many years. During his ruling, many city politicians were very suspicious about Zapata for doing some wrong things as a ruler, all because Zapata did not want to follow the countries ideology. During his years, he mostly spent on creating some superior standard armies because he wanted to fight off the government that wanted ideology in Mexico. A civil war that attracted other foreign country into a civil war was the Spanish Civil War that started in 1936 and ended in 1939. The Spanish Civil War was very important because there was an amount of different countries that joined in the war to help either side of the Republicans and Democrats or the Rebel group that was ran by Francisco Franco. The Spanish Civil War was influenced by many other countries, which would have been influenced by communists, fascists and anti-fascist outside of Spain. The rebels had Germany and Italy as their allies, which they were really helpful to the rebels and Francisco Franco with supplies of weapons, artillery tanks and other resources that played a big role during the war. Italy and Germany was important for the rebels and Francisco Franco during the war for its resources. In the Republican and Democrat side, they had help from the USSR to be able to form a work force and also were able to get aid from other foreign countries.
2. Compare and contrast the causes of two twentieth century civil wars.
- The two 20th century civil wars that I chosen to compare and contrast is the Chinese Civil War and the Spanish Civil War. The main cause of the Chinese Civil War was its major fall of Imperial Power. After the Chinese was defeated by Great Britain in the Opium War, many outside countries were taking advantage of China’s trading. So it came that the nationalists wanted to do something that could bring back the power that China had and restore its country. There were many attempts in restoring China’s power, but the empire was overthrown and a power gap was created between KMT and CCP that caused tensions towards each other and causing a civil war in China. In 1921, the Spanish government was corrupt and weak. The Spanish government sent an army to Morocco to stop a rebellion, but it failed and made the Spanish government look weak. After that in 1930, Rivera resembled the Spanish country by increasing its industrial production that created many jobs and Rivera wanted to put an end on the rebellion in Morocco. But it all ended when the Great Depression happened and in 1930 the Spanish country was hit very badly towards their economy. Then in 1931, an election was in Spain and during the election, Monarchy and Republicans was officially over. After the election, there were many states that really wanted their independence, which it got the Catholic religion being against the new government and the new government was against the Catholic religion. The new government had different perspectives of their country’s economy and its future than the population did. The populations was trying to solve the problems by themselves without the governments help, but the government was against of what the population were trying to do that soon turned tensions between people inside the government that is against of the government itself. All of these disagreements towards each other made the government’s army killing more than 20 innocents who were trying to catch anarchists that it later became a war between the people and a new government.
3. Examine the impact of foreign intervention on either the Chinese Civil War or the Spanish Civil War.
ReplyDeleteChinese Civil War:
- Many European countries were mostly abusing the Chinese because of trading.
- China had a war against Japan, which China lost the war badly that they felt humiliated for themselves as a nation.
- The United States dropped atomic bombs in Japan because the U.S. knew that Japan could surrender and stop their territory expansion plan in China.
- Russia was very helpful to China of building their revolution back to normal.
In the end, all of this was the impacts of foreign interventions that happened during and after the Chinese Civil War, it had good things the happened and also there were bad things that happened. Also there were some countries that were helping the Chinese, but there were some countries that were making a full use out of the Chinese.
4. What were the main causes and results of the Spanish Civil War?
- The Spanish Civil War was a violent war that had over 450,000 people being killed, by the end of the war, the Nationalists was the stronger group that was able to win the war. Then after the war, a new government was created by Francisco Franco and the Catholic churches that were now named as Church of Spain. The Spanish Civil War all started when the Great Depression happened and it took a hit on Spain’s economy so much and it caused them to get a new election. There was a new government that was created for the election, which most of Spain’s populations were against them and, most of Spain’s populations were Catholic people that were against the new form of their government and the new governments were against the Catholic religion. It was an unsteady atmosphere during that time with majority of Spain’s population was against the new government, which it caused tensions or hatred between them two then creating peace in Spain. The new government had a different perspective for the future then the population did. The population was trying to fix the problems without the governments help, but it did not work out for them. So the Spanish Civil War was mostly between the nationalist and the government against the Catholic religion that created a civil war.
5. Describe how the following components played a role in Nigeria in the 1960s:
a. The war was fought less for political principles than for reasons of hostility between different peoples in different regions
b. Civil war can arise because people in certain regions of a country feel oppressed or neglected because of political divisions
c. There are different religious ideas in a country
- Nigeria has so many different religions in their country, but the main ones were Muslims and Christianity. After 1960 when Nigeria was able to gain their independence with the help of Great Britain, Muslims from Northern region attacked the Christians from Igbo and the Christians had no hope of getting help from the military government of fighting back from the Muslims that it created the “Republic of Biafra.” After so many attempts of trying to bring the country together as one, a war occurred between Nigeria and Biafra that resulted very badly for them. They both lost oil fields, which were their main source for revenue, and without any funds, there were no imported foods to feed for their countries that caused over 900 thousand civilians to die from starvation, but by the end of the war, Biafra surrendered and Nigeria won the war.
6. In Spain, describe how the following three factors contributed to a civil war:
ReplyDeletea. War was fought less for political principles than for reasons of hostility between different peoples in different regions
b. Civil war can arise: because people in certain regions of a country feel oppressed or neglected because of political divisions
c. There are different religious ideas in a country
- The Spanish Civil War was mostly between Nationalists and the Christian religion people. The main reason for a war to break out between them two was because of disagreements between them two. When the Nationalist got elected to run the government of Spain, many people from the Christian religion were against the view that the nationalist had of the country’s future and during that time the Christianity religion was a strong group of people in Spain, but in the same time the nationalist were also against the Christian religion. That was mostly how the Spanish Civil War all started between the nationalist and the Christian religion.
7. Why has 20th-century warfare seen much less of a distinction between soldiers and civilians than the warfare of previous centuries? For example, one reason could be technology, i.e. the development of aircraft and bigger bombs.
- In my own opinion, I think that the warfare is more present now or the way many wars are being fought is less distinct between soldiers and civilians because there it is not fair for any civilians to be included in any wars and they do not have anything to do with the situation that is causing a war. Wars should be fought only for soldiers in one side and soldiers from the other side and there should be no reason for innocent civilians being killed during a war that had nothing to do with them.
8. Explain briefly the difference between the following:
-Total war and limited war
-National war and civil war
-Conventional war and guerrilla war
-Strategy and tactics
-Defensive and offensive warfare.
Total War and Limited War - Total War is a war that do not have any sort of rules, so a military that is an a war can use any strategies and different types of equipment to win a war, but limited war is a war that has limited rules of the strategies and equipment's that could be used during a war.
National and Civil War - National wars happens when 2 or more countries fight each for something like most of it were fighting for lands. Civil wars were wars that fought in their own nation or country, which it is a war against the same people in one country that are fighting because of disagreements of a nation.
Conventional War and Guerrilla War - A conventional war is when there is a large amount of soldiers and, a large amount of planes and tanks that is being used during a war like, World War 1 and 2. A Guerrilla war is the opposite of a conventional war because a guerrilla war is fought in small group army and they use different tactics from being compared to the tactics that was used in a conventional war.
Strategy and Tactics - Strategy and tactics is kind of connected to each other because a strategy is a plan to try to reach a certain goal that is organized by an organization and tactics is trying to get to a goal that the only way it could be achievable is by using a strategy that you created for yourself.
Defensive and Offensive Warfare - Defensive warfare is when you are in a state of defense and the only thing that you are focusing is on your defense. So it is technically that you are protecting or defending an enemy’s attack towards your base or a specific area. Offensive warfare is the opposite of a defensive warfare because you are only focusing on attacking your enemies by creating strategies to successfully attack the enemy and gain their territory.
9. Decide whether each war is either total, limited or civil.
ReplyDeleteFirst World War, (1914-18) – Total War
Second World War, (1939-45) – Total War
Algerian War, (1954-62) – Total War
Nigerian Civil War, (1967-70) – Civil War
Falklands/Malvinas War, (1982) – Limited War
Nicaraguan Revolution, (began 1978) – Limited War
Indo-Pakistani Wars, (1947-48, 1965, 1971) – Total War
Spanish Civil War, (1936-39) – Civil War
Chinese Civil War, (1927-49) – Civil War
Iran/Iraq War, (1980-91) – Total War
Gulf War, (1990-91) – Limited War
Works Cited:
"The Iran-Iraq War: Unattainable Objectives." GLORIA Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.
"Civil War in Nigeria." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.
"Spanish Civil War Breaks out." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.
"Causes of the American Civil War." Causes of the American Civil War. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.
"The Causes of the Spanish Civil War." The Causes of the Spanish Civil War. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.
"Evaluate the Importance of Foreign Intervention in the Spanish Civil War by Alexreilly." StudyMode. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.
"The Spanish Civil War: Foreign Intervention and the American Reaction." Peace and War in the 20th Century. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.
William Portorreal
ReplyDeleteIB History
Ms. Noce
1. Ideology is important when it comes to a country because it can lead to a civil war. For example, in the Spanish civil war the government, military, religious people, etc. all had different ideologies which lead to a civil war. Since the Spanish civil war was big a couple of countries would help by aiding the country. An example would be how Germany sent troops to Spain and eventually they would become an ally which is an advantage. Ideology also played a role in the Russian civil war because the anit-communists were against the communists and they couldn’t come up with a solution which led to a civil war. The British, French and Americans intervened because they wanted to protect their ally Russia from a possible attack from Germany.
2. Both the Russians and Spaniards war had a similar cause for a civil war. The Spanish civil war started because the army had disagreed with the government and also the religions had different views on how Spain should be run. The main cause for the Russian civil war was because the militarists, civilians and other groups didn’t like the Bolshevik government. So as you can see both the Russians and Spaniards didn’t like how the government ran the country but the Spanish civil war was more of a religious cause than a political one.
3. The United States intervened in the Chinese civil war because they wanted to have a stronger alliance with china than what they already had. The united states helped by aiding them so that they would fight Japan much easier and china would become a stronger nation. Since the U.S. saw that trade with china would be beneficial they decided to becomes allies with them.
4. The whole reason why the Spanish civil war started was because Spain entered a depression which hurt their economy badly and Spain was living under monarchy and a corrupt government. People living in Spain wanted their independence and they didn’t agree with anything that the government was doing which created tension. The priests and workers were receiving their paychecks from their bosses instead of the government, so many strikes and riots were organized because the citizens didn’t like how the country was being run.
5. In northern Nigeria the Muslims didn’t like the Christian Igbo’s and they started killing them so the Igbo’s moved to east Nigeria. The Igbo’s made the republic of Biafra because they believed that the Nigerian military wouldn’t allow them to grow as a whole. Since there were different religions and Nigeria failed to reunite its country a war broke out between Biafra and other religious groups.
6. After the elections in Spain had happened the government believed that the military had too much to say in politics and every leader that there was ha different views from everyone else which caused tension between the people in the country. Also the Roman Catholic Church didn’t like how the republic was handling the country. Both the army and the government was the main reason that led to the civil war because they both wanted to be in power of Spain which eventually led to a civil war.
7. I think that there has been much less of a distinction between soldiers and civilians because of technology advancing so not many people are needed for war like in the past. Also I think that the government wants to make us feel free, what I mean by that is instead of picking a whole bunch of people to go to war now we choose whether we want to join the military or not. There a lot of people who join because they want to and with our modern technology we don’t need a whole lot of civilians.
ReplyDelete8. The difference between a total and limited war is that in a total war countries use all kind of weapons and tactics in order to reach victory. Everything is involved including the people living in the country war and usually total wars are longer than limited wars. A limited war is a war that is limited in weapons and isn’t a big of a war as a total war would be. More people and weapons are needed for total wars.
A national war is a war that involves more than one nation which makes it a national war and a civil war is a war that only involves war from people in the same country.
Conventional warfare is basically the use of weapons such as guns, tanks, planes etc in order to weaken a countries military. While guerilla warfare is based on using tactics with a small number of people in a group that either ambush, sabotage, hit and run, etc in order to take a out a larger enemy.
The difference between a strategy and a tactic is that a strategy is like an idea or your overall goal and you use tactics to help you reach that goal. Tactics are mini plans which help you with your main goal or strategy.
A defensive war is where a county is being attacked so they have to defend themselves to protect their territory while and offensive war is where one country decides to attack a country and their main goal is to attack the enemy.
9. World war one: total war
World war two: total war
Algerian war: limited war
Nigerian civil war: civil war
Falklands/malvins war: limited war
Nicaraguan revolution: limited war
Indo-Pakistan wars: civil war
Spanish civil war: civil war
Chinese civil war: civil war
Iran-Iraq war: total war
Gulf war: limited war
Resources: History.com/Spanish civil war breaks out/ 1996-2014/ A&E Television Networks, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Historylearningsite.co.uk/the Russian civil war/ 2000-2013
History.com/civil war in Nigeria/ 1996-2014, A&E Television Networks, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Historylearningsite.co.uk/ the civil war in china 1945 to 1949/ 2000-2013
Dictionary.com
Erick Volquez
ReplyDeleteIB History 11
Ms.Noce
4/27/2014
1. Placing the ideas of the American Civil war and the Boxer Rebellion (China), the ideology of causing the war and involving different countries attention can be compared and contrasted. The contrast between these two wars is that the American civil war started within the United States and it was north against south of the united states for abolishment of slavery which Abraham Lincoln tried to stop and the Boxer rebellion was when missionaries that were Christians were not accepted in China because they didn’t want to receive Christianize. Now something that we could compare is that both did the catch the world’s attention. The civil war of the United States was something huge because it was a fight with in the nation and it was almost unbelievable to see. The Boxer rebellion was directed towards every Christian in the world because this was based on religion. Christianism wasn’t succeeding in being accepted in the country of china which directly affected the whole world Christian community.
2. The Dominican civil war (1965) and the Colombian conflict (1964) which was both 20th century civil wars have some similarities and contrasts. Some similarities that we find here is that both of these countries were trying to detach from a monarchy or dictatorship that wanted to reign over the country which to them wasn’t correct. In Colombia’s situation, the way the monarchial government was running the country wasn’t correct so they decided to fight for this and that is to my extent on the Colombian conflict. Trujillo, Dominican Republic’s dictator (1930’s-1960’s) took over the country and even though he made the country stable economically, there was still a high control over people’s lives which freedom wasn’t mentioned and they fought for it but gained it after Trujillo was pronounced dead. Some differences is that in the Colombian conflict, the people were just trying to fix the government because the money was something they needed and it was really unstable but the Dominican republic citizens wanted to take down the man in charge, the big guy and rebuild the whole structure of government again.
3. As we know, the Spanish Civil war was a war fought by republicans who were loyal to the Spaniard power and the rebels which were a group of men who were against this control over the Spanish colonies. Having other countries like the United States and other countries that looked into the Spanish civil war just impact the conflict and made it bigger. Now it was no longer a problem of government, it was a problem of other countries agreeing with what Spain was doing with their power and those countries that disagreed and helped the rebels.
4. As we know, the Spanish Civil war was a war fought by republicans who were loyal to the Spaniard power and the rebels which were a group of men who were against this control over the Spanish colonies. Having other countries like the United States and other countries that looked into the Spanish civil war just impact the conflict and made it bigger. Now it was no longer a problem of government, it was a problem of other countries agreeing with what Spain was doing with their power and those countries that disagreed and helped the rebels.
. King Alfonso XIII was in charge of directing the Spaniard forces where ever he pleased so he send them to Spanish morocco to stop a rebellion and the troops were slaughtered. There came a point that there was an election that ended in having King Alfonso’s Republican Party win and still maintain control over the Spanish colonies. The rebels were not happy with this so they directly started to attack; alerting the troops; king Alfonso send them in brutal combat but because of Allies that were with the rebels had more support; they had the only option to surrender.
ReplyDelete6. a) “The war was fought less for political principles than for reasons of hostility between different peoples in different regions” played a huge role in the Nigerian civil war during the 1960’s because the main key here is power. The two tribes that were fighting against each other wanted to have the total domain of power over the land which is what started the conflicts and result into bloody and massacres, hostility and whole big mess.
b) “Civil war can arise because people in certain regions of a country feel oppressed or neglected because of political divisions” this also played a huge role because as we know the problem came from two tribes that didn’t understand each other and since the north had more access to power, the south could have felt neglected and probably ask “if we are the same people, we live in the same country, how come we don’t have power?” probably something they could have asked but most definitely this rose to the fight that we know today as the Nigerian civil war.
c) “There are different religious ideas in a country” this is something that we could say it’s important but not really because if we research the depth of religious groups in Nigeria, these tribes were both indigenous tribes which meant that they praised every natural thing; the tree was a good, the earth was a goddess, everything that was right or wrong was most likely considered a god. This wasn’t such a huge problem that we could say that was involved in this civil war but it did play a role since the tribes couldn’t understand each other and just fight.
7. a) “The war was fought less for political principles than for reasons of hostility between different peoples in different regions” this doesn’t contribute to the Spanish civil war at all. The main reason for the civil war was because of political principles; the rebels didn’t appreciate the way that the Spanish power was treating the Spanish colonies, as a group they fought back not mattering whether the Spanish treated certain regions of control different or not they saw that it wasn’t fair.
ReplyDeleteb) “Civil war can arise because people in certain regions of a country feel oppressed or neglected because of political divisions” this was sort of a reason why the conflict raised because the problem was that these republicans were all for the monarchy of King Alfonso XIII and not for anything else in particular so these colonies felt low in resources and anything that they needed.
c) “There are different religious ideas in a country” religion wasn’t an issue because these colonies where given the religion of Christianity which didn’t have any religious conflicts.
8. I think that the 20th century warfare’s seem less of a distraction than previous fights is because now we tend to rely on things that make the war easy. Once guns and big weaponry replaced the swords and spires, we were ok with it and fought according to how much guns we had etc. but going into the 20th century, we have tanks, bombs, plains; such advanced technology that the soldiers are needed for ether controlling these destructive monsters or to fight with their weapons in land to operate efficiently. This wasn’t available for those fights before so they fought with what they had; now it’s more different but the combat was as intense as it always is.
.
ReplyDelete• A total war is war that has unrestricted terms involving weapons, land and territory that isn’t counted and could be used without having any laws that would give you a limit. A limited war is a war that has restrictions in weapons and territory having laws that would stop from over usage of these; sometimes these restrictions came to stop nuclear weapons.
• A national war is a war that is for the purpose of national liberation. A civil war is a war faugh by the same people of the same country.
• A conventional war is a war that the country studies the battle field and when confrontation happens uses more than 1 tactic. Guerilla warfare is a tactic used by regular civilians that fight for what they think is right.
• A strategy is an action or policy designed to achieve one specific aim. A tactic is a strategy carefully planned to achieve a specific end.
10. 10. Decide whether each war listed below is either total, limited or civil.
War
First World War, 1914-18 LIMITED
Second World War, 1939–45 LIMITED
Algerian War, 1954–62 TOTAL
Nigerian Civil War, 1967–70 CIVIL
Falklands/Malvinas War, 1982 TOTAL
Nicaraguan Revolution, began 1978 LIMITED
Indo–Pakistan Wars, 1947–48, 1965, 1971 LIMITED.
Spanish Civil War, 1936–39 CIVIL
Chinese Civil War, 1927–49 CIVIL
Iran–Iraq War, 1980–88 LIMITED
Gulf War, 1990–91 TOTAL
WORK CITED:
History.com/Spanish civil war breaks out/ 1996-2014/ A&E Television Networks, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
"Spanish Civil War Breaks out." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.
www.History.com
Dinia Clairveaux
ReplyDeleteMs. Noce
IB History
4/27/2014
1. With reference to two civil wars, compare and contrast the importance of ideology in (a) causing the civil war, and (by) attracting outside involvement.
The Boxer Rebellion which took place in China. The name boxer was given to the secret chinese society, Yihequan in english meaning in Righteous and Harmonious fists. Their goal was to prevent foreigners from entering china. This society was thought to be the descendants of the Trigrams Society who rebelled against the Qing Dynasty. Also the Trigrams goals were to demolish the Dynasty and also to prevent authorize foreigners to enter China. Their goal was to prevent foreigners from entering china. The Boxers made it quite clear that they did not want any outside involvement. when they did have some they did everything in there power to drive them out. The American civil war took place due to the stringent differences of the north which was considered free and the south which still contained slavery. the national government forbids slavery in territories that were yet states. During this war there too were much of outside involvement it remained in the United States.
2. Compare and contrast the causes of two twentieth century civil wars.
The Ogaden war and the Chinese Cultural revolution. the Ogaden war occurred between Ethiopia and Somalia over the Ogaden region of Ethiopia which took place from 1977 - 1978. While Chinese Cultural revolution was a “social-political movement that took place in the People’s Republic of China from 1966 to 1976.”(http://www.war-memorial.net/) In the Ogaden war Ethiopia had the aid of the U.S and Samalia was aidded by the soviet union then a switch happen were the U.S went and aidded Samila and the Soveit went and aidded Ethiopia. But nothing like that happen during the Chinese revolution. The people did not have outside help and also they were fighting each other not other countries.The Ogaden war ended with the death estimated of 4,000 deaths, while the Chinese Cultural Revolution ended with 2,050,000 deaths. The cultural revolution got out of handed and destroyed china’s economy leaving China lacking in a lot of areas. While the Ogden war did not do any of that to both of the countries in the conflict.
3. Examine the impact of foreign intervention on either the Chinese Civil War or the Spanish Civil War.
ReplyDeleteThe Chinese Civil War was the battle between the Nationalist party and the Communist party. The impact of foreign intervention on the Chinese Civil War was major if it wasnt for the intervention the war would had probably never ended. During that war China lost an estimated amount of 1,200,000 people. If there weren't any foreign intervention it would had result in China losing twice or even more people it did during the war.
4. What were the main causes and results of the Spanish Civil War?
The main causes of the Spanish Civil war was due to political differences between the Republicans who support the Spanish government and the Nationalist who rebelled against it. And also the great depression which cause a malfunction in their economy which cause major employment and financial issues.
5. Describe how the following components played a role in Nigeria in the 1960s:
a. The war was fought less for political principles than for reasons of hostility between different peoples in different regions
b. Civil war can arise because people in certain regions of a country feel oppressed or neglected because of political divisions
c. There are different religious ideas in a country
Nigeria there are many small ethnic groups, such as the Hausa the Yoruba and the Ibos and it is natural so some to not get along.The war was fought less of political principles then hostility because after Yakubu Gowon a Hausa officer, split Nigeria up int 12 new states. The eastern regions which contain the Ibo people went and formed the Biafira republic which the central government did not approve of which lead to the civil war.
6. In Spain, describe how the following three factors contributed to a civil war:
ReplyDeletea. War was fought less for political principles than for reasons of hostility between different peoples in different regions
b. Civil war can arise: because people in certain regions of a country feel oppressed or neglected because of political divisions
c. There are different religious ideas in a country
The Nationalist which opposed the spanish government and the Republicans that favored it did not get along just like other political groups in a country. The war broke out due to authorized elections in which the people did not approved of. The church was in favor of the group in power and did not really pay much attention to the middle class.
7. Why has 20th-century warfare seen much less of a distinction between soldiers and civilians than the warfare of previous centuries? For example, one reason could be technology, i.e. the development of aircraft and bigger bombs.
It seems as if 20th century warfare relied on the amount of soldiers there were then back then were they would have taking in properly trained soldiers. But in the 20th century due to the advancements in machinery and weapons the war need more soldier and to fight all they really needed to know was how to shoot and a little warfare training. when the well trained soldiers died in battle they would call in reinforcements which were civilians who really don't have the proper training.
8. Explain briefly the difference between the following:
ReplyDelete· Total war and limited war
· National war and civil war
· Conventional war and guerrilla war
· Strategy and tactics
· Defensive and offensive warfare.
Total war is absolute war which is limitless, while limited war limits forces to a certain area.
National war is war between different nations and civil war is war between different groups or sections in a country
Conventional war contains soldiers that are out in the open in battle while machinery and guerrilla war is fewer soldiers
Strategy the plan of the attack and tactics is how you carry it out what precautions you took
· Defensive is protecting your ground without letting the enemy enter and offensive warfare ids more aggressive and advancing futher into the battle.
9. Decide whether each war listed below is either total, limited or civil.
War
First World War, 1914-18
Second World War, 1939–45
Algerian War, 1954–62
Nigerian Civil War, 1967–70
Falklands/Malvinas War, 1982
Nicaraguan Revolution, began 1978
Indo–Pakistani Wars, 1947–48, 1965, 1971
Spanish Civil War, 1936–39
Chinese Civil War, 1927–49
Iran–Iraq War, 1980–88
Iran–Iraq War, 1980–88
First World War, 1914-18 total war
Second World War, 1939–45 total war
Algerian War, 1954–62 limited war
Nigerian Civil War, 1967–70 limited war
Falklands/Malvinas War, 1982 limited war
Nicaraguan Revolution, began 1978 civil war
Indo–Pakistani Wars, 1947–48, 1965, 1971 limited
Spanish Civil War, 1936–39 civil war
Chinese Civil War, 1927–49 civil war
Iran–Iraq War, 1980–88 limited war
sources
"Spanish Civil War Breaks out." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.
Council on Foreign Relations. Council on Foreign Relations, n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.
Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 26 Apr. 2014.
The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Boxer Rebellion (Chinese History)."Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.
"All Wars in the 20th Century - the Polynational War Memorial." All Wars in the 20th Century - the Polynational War Memorial. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.
Mu Ying Yu
ReplyDeleteIB World History 11
Ms. Noce
April 27, 2014
Civil Wars
1. With reference to two civil wars, compare and contrast the importance of ideology in (a) causing the civil war, and (b) attracting outside involvement.
-- Chinese Civil War occurred between 1927 to 1950. The war was fought between the nationalist and the communists in China. The ideology was the nationalists and communism in China and they caused war because they had different idea on how the country should run. During the time, the US wanted to help the communists and nationalists in China but they rejected and get the help from USSR.
Spanish Civil War occurred between 1936 to 1939. The war was fought between republicans and nationalists. The war was caused because both side had different opinions on everything. Spain wanted help because they feared Italy and Germany will take over them.
2. Compare and contrast the causes of two twentieth century civil wars.
-- The Chinese Cultural Revolution happened between 1966 and 1976. It was a social-political movement. During the time, Mao used this to help him reassert his authority in China. The First Congo War occurred between 1996 and 1997. It was a “ foreign invasion of Zaire led by Rwanda that replaced a decades-long dictator. ”
3. Examine the impact of foreign intervention on either the Chinese Civil War or the Spanish Civil War.
-- Chinese Civil War occurred between 1927-1949. It was a conflicts between the Communists and the Nationalists. The United States get involved into this civil war by supporting China. While the Chinese are in war with the Japanese, the Chinese Nationalists give off support.
4. What were the main causes and results of the Spanish Civil War?
ReplyDelete-- The main causes of the Spanish Civil War are they needed independence, unemployment and the financial problems. The results of the war was they had weak economy and many peoples died.
5. Describe how the following components played a role in Nigeria in the 1960s:
a. The war was fought less for political principles than for reasons of hostility between different peoples in different regions
b. Civil war can arise because people in certain regions of a country feel oppressed or neglected because of political divisions
c. There are different religious ideas in a country
-- (a) In 1967, eastern region of Nigeria got independence and called the Biafra. (b) The division of Biafra caused the civil war, it caused Nigeria go to war against the eastern region of the country. (c). There are two main different religious in Nigeria, Muslims and Christians. After Nigeria got independence from Britain, Muslims started to attack the Christians but Christians got no help.
6. In Spain, describe how the following three factors contributed to a civil war:
a. War was fought less for political principles than for reasons of hostility between different peoples in different regions
b. Civil war can arise because people in certain regions of a country feel oppressed or neglected because of political divisions
c. There are different religious ideas in a country
-- (a) The Spanish Civil War started caused by the Spanish Morocco army that spread to Spain. They wanted conquer the Spanish republican government by forming a power came from all armies. (b) Regions had different plans about their own which they always had different opinions and disagree with each other. (c) There are variety of religious in Spain and which caused tension.
7. Why has 20th-century warfare seen much less of a distinction between soldiers and civilians than the warfare of previous centuries? For example, one reason could be technology, i.e. the development of aircraft and bigger bombs.
--- 20th-century warfare has seen much less of a distinction between soldiers and civilians than the warfare of previous centuries because of the new improvements for war, they had better weapons and better strategies.
8. Explain briefly the difference between the following:
ReplyDelete- Total war and limited war
* Total war is unlimited for weapons and other resources but limited war are restricted at certain resources.
- National war and civil war
* National war is fought for country independent but civil war fought between people within the same country.
- Conventional war and guerrilla war
* Conventional war are two or more states are involved in one war but guerrilla was a small group go against with a big group with limited resources.
- Strategy and tactics
* Strategy is a plan while tactics is a action to reach a goal.
- Defensive and offensive warfare
* Defensive warfare is to defend themselves from another territory and to protect themselves. Offensive warfare is plan to go against other enemy.
9. Decide whether each war listed below is either total, limited or civil.
- First World War, 1914-18 -- Total War
- Second World War, 1939-45 -- Total War
- Algerian War, 1954-62 -- Limited War
- Nigerian Civil War, 1967-70 -- Civil War
- Falklands/Malvinas War, 1982 -- Limited War
- Nicaraguan Revolution, began 1978 -- Civil War
- Indo-Pakistan Wars, 1947-48, 1965, 1971 --Total War
- Spanish Civil War, 1936-39 -- Civil War
- Chinese Civil War, 1927-49 -- Civil War
- Iran-Iraq War, 1980-88 -- Total War
- Gulf War, 1990-91 -- Total War
Work Cited:
- http://dictionary.reference.com/
- http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/causes_spanish_civil_war.htm
- http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/civil_war_china_1945_to_1949.htm
- http://ehistory.osu.edu/uscw/
- http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/civil-war-in-nigeria
-http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/Africa-Monitor/2011/1129/A-brief-history-of-Congo-s-wars
- http://www.history.com/topics/cultural-revolution