STAY focused with this assignment! Remember you need to:
—Choose a type of war (offensive; defensive; holy war, etc.), research
that war, and explain to me why it was that type of war. Be sure to include:— The
causes of the war— The
nature of the war— The
manner in which the war was fought— What
strategies were used
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ReplyDeleteMiladys Florentino
ReplyDeleteMs.Noce
Wars and Warfare Essay
The American Revolutionary (Independence) War which occurred between 1775 and 1783 was an open conflict between the thirteen colonies and Great Britain. The war all began due to the disagreement on which Great Britain failed to treat the colonies how they should’ve been treated. Britain believed that the colonies were created to please those who holds high power such as government. In April 1775, British troops were sent to Lexington and Concord which caused the death of a few Americans which became the Boston Massacre. On the other hand, in Concord troops were forced to lose 70 of their army men. These first incidents became apart of the open warfare. Eventually, tensions began to rise between the colonists and Britain. Many events such as the Stamp Act of 1765, Townshend Tariffs of 1767, and the Tea Act of 1773 had a connection towards the war. In May 1775, Congress met again for further action, but it was already too late to take action because shots were already fired, the beginning of the Revolutionary War. The nature of the war had many different aspects to it. Problems such as being unfair, freedom, and the economy all held a part in the war.The war was fought by troops, mens who were professional soldiers and had discipline in the military. Most of the armies formed their own units to fight against others. Even African- Americans fought during the war, which took away their freedom. Strategies used in the war was knowledge that the troops already knew, weapons, and knowing what they were trying to accomplish by the end of the war which was land and freedom.The purpose of this war was to be defensive of what the colonies wanted for themselves as well as Britain wanted something too.
Work Cited Websites
“American Revolution.” 2013. The History Channel website. Sep 13 2013, 10:43 http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution.
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ReplyDeleteJerilys Santiago
ReplyDeleteSeptember 14, 2013
Ms.Noce
IB History
War Essay
The American Revolution, also known as the American War, occurred in 1775 until 1783. This war occurred as a result of a conflict between Great Britain and the thirteen colonies, which today we refer to as the United States. The type of war I consider that best fits the American Revolution is a war of decolonization or national liberation. Both terms mean the same; when subject peoples struggle to obtain their independence. In this case, Americans wanted independence from the British.
There are many reasons why the war happened. First, the American people were really independent. This was a problem because the British wanted to force the American colonies to do everything their way. Second, the British government made the American colonies to pay a large share of the war debt from the French and Indian War, which was very unfair to the Americans since the war didn’t include them. Another cause of the war is that, through taxes like the Sugar Act and Stamp Act, the British tried to collect taxes that Americans considered very harsh. Lastly, the Americans were not allowed to vote for Britain’s lawmakers. This caused the Americans to stockpile guns and want to rebel against the British because they were tired of being bossed around which led to shots fired at Lexington and Concord and marked the beginning of the American Revolution.
Since the American Revolution began in 1775, the fighting was bloody. It was marked by brutality on a loathsome scale. Both sides shot and hanged others without mercy. Many people think that the Americans did the right thing for rebelling against the British. I truly agree because is not fair to live life in a way that you don’t want nor like.
There were many different strategies during the war. The British fought the war with an army of professional soldiers. In addition, they employed soldiers from German states and a large number of loyalists. On the other hand, the Americans offered freedom to black slaves if they joined their army, used riffles that proved to be more accurate then normal guns and used the Indian’s technique of guerilla warfare. This technique caught the British by surprised because they weren’t used to the enemy hiding behind hills, trees and in foliage.
The manner in which the American Revolution was fought is guerilla warfare. Like I mentioned above, it means soldiers fighting without uniforms, engaging in ambush and hit-and-run tactics. The Americans used this type of warfare and it helped them win the revolution. In conclusion, the American Revolution was a war of national liberation or decolonization because the Americans wanted to decolonize and wanted to be free from the British government.
www.socialstudiesforkids.com , www.loc.gov , www.economist.com www.nps.gov
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ReplyDeleteDimas A. Amezquita
ReplyDeleteIB History
Ms. Noce
September 14, 2013
Wars and Warfare Essay
The American Revolutionary War started at 1775 and ended in 1783. It was between the original thirteen colonies of the United States and Great Britain. It was leading up to a war when Britain was governing everything at the thirteen colonies and colonist was mad about it. For example the Stamp Act of 1765 which was imposing a stamp duty on newspapers and legal and commercial documents. Another is the Townshend Tariffs of 1767, where all of the colonists had to pay taxes for paper, paint, tea, etc. last is the Tea Act, when Great Britain wanted to sell excess tea at a reduced price to the colonist. After that a tragic event happened in Boston that was called the Boston Massacre. British soldiers or Red Jackets came to Boston to support a sentry that was having a lot of trouble of people being mad at the British government. British soldiers wanted to stop it, but the colonists did not want to and it started by someone throwing a rock to a British soldier, and that’s when the soldiers fired shots at the colonist. Five men were killed. After that some Bostonians dressed as Mohawk Indians went to a British ship and dumped a lot of tea into the Boston harbor, this was the Boston Tea Party. These events were starting to become an open warfare with the way Great Britain’s government is not giving any independence to the colonist. In response to the whole situation that is happen with the government of Great Britain, Colonel Delegates George Washington, John and Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, and John Jay went to Philadelphia in 1774 to give their voice about Britain’s government. With so much effort on getting independence without violence, it was too late. On April 19, local militiamen fought with British soldiers in Lexington and concord, Massachusetts, and it was the first shots that were fired to start the Revolutionary War.
There were many different aspects throughout the war, for example independence, unfairness, and liberty. There were different strategies that both British and American soldiers used during the war, but mostly both of them used knowledge. The British army was the best army around the world with triumph on other nations. The soldiers were well disciplined, well paid, and well fed. They already had the confidence on winning the war with the help of Indian tribes, by Britain promising protection of the Indian tribe lands. The American troops did not have all the military force and economic base like the British soldiers, but had heart and believed on getting their freedom and liberty from Britain’s government. Later French army joined with the American troops and African Americans came to join the war too. With the alliance from France and African Americans, the war was all in America’s favor on winning the war. The purpose of the war has to be defensive because both the American Colonist and Britain wanted something for themselves, like Americans mostly wanted independence from Britain and Britain wanted to govern the thirteen colonies.
Work Cited:
http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution
http://www.ushistory.org/us/11a.asp
Dianna Colon
ReplyDeleteMs.Noce
IB World History 11
September 14, 2013
War Essay
The Russo-Persian War 1804-1813 was one of the many wars between Imperial Russia and the Persian Empire. Late in the war, the Persians stepped up their efforts and declared a holy war on Imperial Russia in 1810, but it was to little avail. A holy war is a special type of ideological war.
The cause of this war was when the Russian commanders, Ivan Gudovich and Paul Tsitsianov attacked the Persian settlement of Echmiadzin, which was the most holy town in Armenia. This attack made Persians angry which eventually led to the outbreak of the war.
This war did not seem to be a bloody war. In fact, it seemed to be a war that did include attacks, but also had peace involved because they had made peace negotiations with each other. In this case, I feel as if the Persian Empire was Russia’s enemy. So then Russians had to decide to ally with Georgia and Armenia for help.
The strategies used in this war were for Russia and Britain to ally together. After some time during the war passed, obliged to steer a course between antagonizing Russia and violating its commitments to Persia, with its best option being to broker a settlement of the conflict between the two.
In my opinion, the manner in which the Russo-Persian War was fought is guerilla war. Which is because soldiers didn’t wear uniform and they engaged in ambush and hit-and-run tactics. So in conclusion, this war had many different people fighting against each other and some allied together all because of one attack. The outcome of the war was that Russia won and would make territorial concessions or the British would continue the subsidy that they had promised.
Work cited:
- http://shelf3d.com/i/Russo-Persian%20War%20(1804-13)
Erick Volquez
ReplyDeleteIB history 11
Wars and Warfare
Topic: The 300 Spartans
A man who was raised by a powerful nation, who was tested by his people to become a true Spartan, Leonidus, king of Sparta who made history and known for leading a group of strong man, the 300 in the battle of Thermopylae around 480 B.C. This was one of the greatest Ancient Greek wars of all time, a king defending his kingdom by putting his life first to defend his family, his people, and his empire.
The Persians had their eyes on Greece and since their kingdom was growing, they wanted to expand to Europe land so they started sending messengers asking the two greater Greece citizens, the Spartans and the Athenians to give Persia Land and water. What this truly meant was that the king of Persia Xerxes wanted Greece to surrender and join the growing kingdom of Persia. Leonidus wasn’t at all happy with this, knowing that an ancient Spartan festival was around the corner, he took his chances and left to war. Persia wanted to slave Greece but only Leonidus decided to trust in him and not in keeping back to celebrate a god and goddess festival, he didn’t want to see Sparta fall, he didn’t want children to be in slavery, he wanted victory.
The nature of this war is asymmetrical warfare. A war like this displays great difference between the levels of military development of the weaponry and resources of the two sides. Persia had a massive army who were prepared to fight, massive weaponry and best archers in the world, thought to be such a huge army that they were known to be immortal beings hunting humanly souls but Leonidus led a group of 300 Spartan men who only had their swords and shield to defend their land. We see a big difference in this war because the Persians had massive everything! And 300 men almost finished them. This warfare consisted of men relying on their king, not on the gods.
When a Spartan boy was 7 years old, the boy was trained in combat to be part of the Spartan army and be called a real Spartan. This boy would become a man in battle and used a strategy only for Sparta called “Single man unit” the way this war was fought was that all 300 men will give one strike or all would hold back, everything was in order to achieve victory. This strategy was alive for ages and we see it here in this battle, the battle of Thermopylae. This is what they used to at least destroy more than half of the “undefeated and immortal” Persian army.
In the battle of Thermopylae, strategies were a big part and that started out all were they fought, in the narrow path of Thermopylae which narrowed down Persian man coming in to fight. This strategy and the “Single man Unit” were the only and strongest strategies the 300 Spartan men used to at least get through most of the war. Xerxes brought regular soldiers, his special unit called immortals, elephants known as “exotic beasts” from his eastern kingdom or as we know today as India. He also used archers and man in horses that had the sharpest weapons, anything to defeat Spartan man, but most of these individual units died.
Even if Leonidus didn’t see his victory that came after his death, his last words to king Xerxes were “the world would know that free man stranded against a tyrant, that few stood against many and before this battle is over, they shall know a god king bleeds, If you knew what is good in life, you would abstain from wishing for foreign things. For me it is better to die for Greece than to be monarch over my compatriots” Just amazing how Leonidus said that a god will bleed and gave Xerxes a life lesson truly amazing words. These words marked history a war with a nature of asymmetrical warfare, with amazing strategies that gave victory later and defeated a great army; 300 Spartan men attempting their last stand.
Work cited:
"Battles & History." Military Channel. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.
"The Little Daily Prophet 2." The Little Daily Prophet 2. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.
My paper is on the Revolutionary War of the 1770’s. This was a defensive war because the Americans were trying to gain their independence from the British (also known as Redcoats). It was after the Boston Tea Party that the British started passing acts such as Coercive acts. King George the third believed the colonies were in a state of rebellion. In 1775 British soldiers marched into Boston, Lexington and Concord to collect the towns weapons on orders from King George the third. But there was a group being trained called “Minute Men”. They were called that because it is said they would be ready to fight in a minute. The British ordered the Minute men to disperse but they refused to do so. Then a shot was fired and killed or wounded many Minute men and was known as “the shot around the world” said by Ralph Waldo Emerson because no one knows who shot the first bullet. This was the start of the Revolutionary war.
ReplyDeleteThis war was fought with guns and many different strategies. One war strategy was when the British used their numbers towards the Continental Army (The Americans) who had less numbers of trained men. Each army had planned little attacks that they thought would be of significance towards the win but both sides failed many times and had to fall back (retire/retreat). A British strategy was setting up outposts in Trenton, Princeton, and other good locations then settled in New York to wait for winter to pass by. Other British strategies were to invade colonies with a great number of troops. The Americans had a huge helping hand with French Allies. French sent supplies to help with weapons and the Spanish helped a little bit to. The British ended up attacking French ships and by winter the Continental Army’s supply system began to collapse. The British navy had begun to gain control over the Americans Waters. But the Continental Army and French forces surrounded the British on land and Cornwallis tried to hold on but October 19, 1781 he ended up surrendering with his entire army of almost 7,000 men. This wasn’t just an American victory but also a French victory to.
So in my opinion The American Revolution was more of a defensive war because they were fighting on their land. Not only just were they fighting on their land that made it a defensive war but they were fighting to get rid of British troops and gain their freedom/independence from the British.
This war that I'm doing is the American war in Vietnam, aslo know as the second Indochina war or Vietnam war. In this I'm going to tell you the causes of the war, the nature of the war, the manner of the war, how it was fought and the creative schemes used.
ReplyDeleteThe reason why the Vietnam war started becauses Northern Vietnam wanted to unite a communist system over there entire nation. What a communist system bascilly means that the goverment controls the ecomony. But all people didn't agree with this. Southern Vietnam with the backup of the U.S.A, didn't agree on what was going on. The North was controlled by Ho Chi Minh, while in the South of Vietinam Ngo Dinh Diem was with the democratic goverment.
The nature of the war is pretty simple. This war was a ideogical war. The reason being because two sides had two diffrences. The North wanted to unite the country with the thought of the communist system. While the U.S.A who didn't want to that to happen backed up South Vietnam. In this case the U.S trained Vietnam people for war. They were called "Army of the Republic of Vietnam". I would of called this a proxy war as well, because many proxy wars happened in the cold-war which this event happened, but North and South Vietnam aren't states.
In this war there was the same guerrilla warfare throughout this long war. But something really stood out that the South Vietnanm wasn't even ready for. This was called the Tet offensive. Even though the U.S had better aircrafts, better weopens and more trained soilders the Tet offensive was a shocker. At first the Tet was a force to be wreken with. North Vietnam attacked about 100 major towns and cities in South Vietnam. In the end it took the U.S and the South eight hours to get control back. The North did not get any control of the South. The North lost about 45,000 people, and the U.S came to turns that they are stronger then they thought. President Lyndon B. Johnson ended the realtionship with the war. The guerrilla warfare was very diffcult. In the woods it was hard, because they wouldn't know if the villagers were foes or not. Some of the people started useing drugs, U.S got frustated.
ReplyDeleteThe conclusion of the war ened up by the South surrending to the North. And they fell victim to the communist of the North. This happen because U.S had withdrawn it's troops. July 2,1976 Vietnam was now consider a communist country
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ReplyDeleteSamantha Foster
ReplyDeleteMs.Noce
9-15-13
IB History
The French and Indian War
North America or otherwise called “The new World” in the early 1600s, was a great opportunity to colonize and establish a sense of status for the great powers of Europe. Whether it was the French, British, or Spanish conquistadors, European powers colonized the land of North America as early as the 1400s. The quest for more colonies however, led to many disputes between the European nations. A good example of this would be the French and Indian War. The French and Indian War was a clash between two powerful European nations, France and Great Britain, on who would own the most land in North America.
The French and Indian War was a war that was fought between France and Great Britian to decide who would own the most land in North America. Since the French were “first Europeans in the areas around the Great Lakes in the Ohio and Mississippi rivers” (wmasd.org), the French claimed the land as French territory. However, the British believed that they owned this land two. France and Britain claimed and colonized lands that were fairly close to one another. It was only natural for one side to believe that they owned certain land, one of them being the Ohio River valley. The Ohio River Valley was a great recourse for the colonists who lived in the area. “The French needed it for effective communications between the two halves of their American empire.” (about.com) the British wanted to use this land for trade but was stopped when France started to build forts around their territory. Fort Duquesne was a fort built by the French for trade. It was built in Virginia on land that the British claimed to be theirs. In 1754, George Washington was sent to demand a withdrawal of the fort which the French had refused. As a result, George Washington and his troops forced the French out killing some in the process which sparked the beginning of the French and Indian war. It wasn’t until 1756 when France and Great Britain officially declared war on each other.
The French and Indian war was an Imperial war. According to the Wars and Warfare packet, “imperial wars, or colonial wars, are wars fought by imperial powers to acquire or safeguard colonies or client states.” The French and Indian war was an imperial war because France and Britain fought for land they both claimed was theirs. They both wanted to use the Ohio River Valley for trade and other resources that would benefit them a lot. Since both European powers wanted to use this land, a war on who could truly claim it was bound to happen.
ReplyDeleteThere were many manners in which the French and Indian war was fought. The British fought with regular armies opposed to the French whose army consisted of Frenchman and their Native American allies. For the first three years of the French and Indian war, the French had the upper hand because they used a fighting style called guerrilla warfare. Guerrilla warfare is a type of warfare that usually consists of soldiers who do not wear uniform and engage in ambush and hit-and-run tactics. The French easily overwhelmed the British because they were not used to such tactics. Guerrilla warfare soon became the main style of fighting when the British became allies with the Native Americans in their territory.
A strategy that was both used by the French and British was becoming allies with the Native Americans who lived around the area. The terrain that was fought upon was foreign to both the French and British. If it weren’t for the help of the Native Americans, both sides would have been at a disadvantage because they were both on uncommon land. Tactics were also used in the French and Indian War. According to the Wars and Warfare packet, “tactics are the means adopted to achieve victory when actually in contact with the enemy on the battlefield.” The Tactics used in guerilla warfare was used first by the French and their Native American allies. A stated before, tactics in guerilla warfare consisted of ambush, hit-and-run, etc. The French were able overwhelm the British because they used tactics the British were not accustomed to.
The French and Indian was a war between France and Great Britain in which both sides used many strategies and tactics in order to succeed. It was also an imperial war to see who would own the most land in North America including the Ohio River Valley. When the war ended in 1763, France ended up losing the majority of their territory including what we know today as Canada. Even though Great Britain became the victor in the end, The French and Indian War left a negative effect on the British. The war left Britain in a huge debt in which they thought would be repaid by raising taxes in their colonies. Some colonists were not very fond of the taxes being raised. The relationship between Great Britain and its colonies continued to worsen until an outbreak of yet another war occurred twelve years after the French and Indian War ended- the American Revolution.
Works Cited
Wmasd.com(n.d) French and Indian War retrieved September 14, 2013 from
http://www.wmasd.org/webpages/kkocher/g8p1.cfm?subpage=1435925
Sparknotes.com(n.d) The French and Indian War retrieved September 14, 2013 from
http://www.sparknotes.com/history/american/frenchindian/citing.html
europeanhistiory.about.com(n.d) The French-Indian War retrieved September 14, 2013 from
http://europeanhistory.about.com/od/warsandbattles/a/frenchindianwar.htm
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ReplyDeleteGermairy Roman
ReplyDeleteMs. Noce
IB History 11
September 15, 2013
The Purpose of Waging War
The American Revolution, which was also known as the American Revolutionary War and the U.S. War of Independence, took place in 1775 to 1783. The American Revolution was a Proxy War. A Proxy War is a war where a fight between states on behalf of other states. What caused the beginning of the American Revolution was a disagreement that was created by growing tensions between residents of Great Britain’s 13 North American Colonies and the colonial government, which also portrayed the British crown. There was a full-blown argument between the colonial militiamen and British troops which then ignited the armed conflict known as the Battle of Lexington and Concord in 1775. The rebels (colonial militiamen) were waging an extensive war for their independence the following summer.
I felt that the nature of the revolutionary war was violent of course but also unfair. The basis of this war was the residents of Great Britain’s 13 North American Colonies wanting independence because of the unfairness and tyranny that was being brought upon them by the colonial government (the British). The residents experienced all kinds of tyranny from the British. Some of the notable acts that were brought upon the residents were the Stamp Act of 1765, the Townshend Tariffs of 1767 and the Tea Act of 1773. These acts were created by the British governments to tax colonies in order to raise revenue. Another notable event that occurred was the Boston Massacre. The reason for the Boston Massacre was the colonies being resistant to turn to violence in 1770, and that encouraged the British to become forceful. British soldiers killed five men by opening fire on mob of colonists.
The manner in which the war was fought also didn't cease to be unfair in my opinion. The type of warfare used by the Americans was partisan. The British soldiers were far more experienced and trained than the Americans. The Americans winning seemed impossible because they didn't have any military experience and couldn't pay for an army. There was also no method of training or supplying and army. All this was the reason of why the Battle of Lexington and Concord was only able to be fought by the local militia because of the Americans not being able to afford an army. The colonies’ only defenses were the local militias. The militiamen only possessed slight training and weapons, and they also didn't acquire the usual uniforms. On the other hand, the British were better off than the Americans when it came to their armies, weapons and training.
There are many things that play into the deciding of what type of warfare, strategies and tactics were used in the American Revolution. For example, it can be said that the type of warfare displayed in the Revolutionary war was guerrilla warfare because the side of the Americans had an irregular amount of soldiers as opposed to the side of the British which would ensure that the Americans would take part in hit-and-run tactics and unpredicted strategies that would include ambushes. It can also be said that the Revolutionary war involved asymmetrical warfare. The reason for the involvement of asymmetrical warfare is because of how different the Americans are from the British. The levels of military experience, amount of weapons and the amount of resources the British had against the Americans.
The American Revolution concluded in 1783 with the colonies winning their independence. I didn’t really mention the French, but their alliance and involvement in the war helped the colonies a great deal in getting their independence. The American Revolution originally being a civil war was then turned into an international conflict because of France’s involvement in 1778. The British were then forced to surrender at Yorktown, Virginia in 1779 after the continental army got assistance from the French. The Colonists gained their independence in 1779, but the fighting didn’t originally end until 1783.
ReplyDeleteWorks Cited
1. http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution
2. http://www.ushistory.org/us/11.asp
3. http://www.americanrevolutionarywar.net/
Dinia Clairveaux
ReplyDeleteMs. Noce
The Civil War: What type of war was it?
War of Aggression is define as, a war where one side is simply attacking the other. And that is exactly what happen in the Civil War. The Northern and Southern parts of the United States were in conflict. this occurred because of the decades of tensions that was developed between them. the tensions were over issues such as state's rights versus Federal authority, Westward expansions, and slavery one of the biggest issues which had the list in 1861-65.
It all started when when Republican president Abraham Lincoln; who was against slavery, was elected office in 1860. Dued to president Lincoln’s presidency seven southern states Texas, Georgia, Louisiana, South Carolina, Alabama, Florida and Mississippi withdraw from the Union to arrange the Confederate States of America. During this era the United States was experiencing tremendous growth. The North was about manufacturing and agriculture while, the South was all about large scale farming. Which was raised by black slave labors to grow cotton and tobacco. During the 1830s the Southerners opposed to the slavery abolition act, due their fear the that backbone of their economy was in danger.
The outbreak of the war happen in 861, when “on April 12, after Lincoln ordered a fleet to resupply Sumter, Confederate artillery fired the first shots of the Civil War”. After two days of fighting Sumter’s commander, Major Robert Anderson gave in and left the Fort (The Fort Sumter) in the hands of the Confederates Forces which was lead by Pierre G.T Beauregard.
The aspect of which the civil War was fought was “soldiers would advance in large,tight formations toward well-fortified positions”. Then they would concentrate on small arms and fire at their enemy. During the war the Union appeared to have had better advantage but, the Confederates had the best soldiers and the best commanders in the nation. they all had strong belief in military traditions.
There isn’t any true nature to the Civil War, but i liked to believe it was to fight to preserve the Union and also abolishing slavery in the process changing the nation forever for the better.
http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war
http://www.history.com/topics/confederate-states-of-america
http://www.c-span.org/Events/Lectures-in-History-Evolving-Nature-of-the-Civil-War/10737440036/
http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/gainesmill/gaines-mill-history/greatest-charges.html
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ReplyDeleteJunior FanFan
ReplyDeleteseptember 16, 2013
There where many wars and battles throughout history. the battle i choose was the battle of lexington and concord. i choose this battle because it has to do with colonial wars. this battle is a colonial war because the colony got tired of king george pushing them around and forcing laws on them. this is one of the battles that happened in the revolutionary war.
The cause of this battle is very simple king george was forcing laws on the colonies of massachusetts from great britain like the stamp act and the sugar act. the colonist soon got tired of king george. so they decided to fight back. other causes of this war was that the colonist wanted their independence from great britain.
The nature of the battle was bloody because the redcoats shot and killed eight militiamen and left nine injured. king george and the redcoats were the enemy in this battle because king george was raising taxes and making the colonist house the redcoats and feed them and gave them a place to live. the colonist had no say in what was happening. king george was also taking money and crops from the colonist so they had no way to feed their families. the colonist were right to fight back because they had enough of king george and they just wanted to be free. king george was wrong because he was trying to control people from a whole different country and that was wrong for him to do that. this goes to show you how the power of king went to his head.
The manner this war was fought was guerilla warfare because instead of standing there and getting shot at the militiamen decided to hide behind trees, duck, and crawl. this can also be known as a ambush or a hit and run tactics. this type of fighting style gave the militia and advantage over the redcoats.
The strategies used during this battle was planning ahead. it says that the militiamen had put weapons in lexington and concord. so when the redcoats arrived they would already be prepared. the rebels or militia would spy on the british general and listen in on his conversations. so they always knew what the british was planning next. they also gathered other militia from surrounding towns so there army would be bigger. so when the militia met with the redcoats the british would be out numbered. they also didn't fight man to man because they would have just got killed easier that way.
The battle of lexington and concord was many battles fought in the attempt to get out independence. this war was known as the revolutionary war. this war and many other wars have changed the world today for my generations and many others. this goes to show you when people are pushed to there limit they will start to fight back. this war gave us a bill called the declaration of independence which means that we were not ruled by any other country and we had rights.
Work cited:
http://www.history.com/topics/battles-of-lexington-and-concord
http://www.britishbattles.com/american-revolution.htm
http://www.teachushistory.org/american-revolution
The cold war
ReplyDeleteHistory
From Silja Cruz
After wold war 2, germany and the world was devided in two military pacts. The west side, called warsaw pact with Albania, Bulgaria, DDR (German Democratic Republic), Pöland, Romenia,Czechoslovakia and Hngaria.
The other pact called NATO with all west european states (only switzerland and norway, they were neutral) and the usa.
It was not a offensive war. It was actually not a real war because they were not really fighting they just threatening each other. Neverless, it was called 'the cold war'. In this 'cold war' the Nato and the warsaw pact were threatening each other and every time one pact had weapons, rockets or other stuff to make war with, the other pact invented or made better weapons and rockets. It was a constant arms race an arm upgrade that it went so far that they could have made a 'galaxy war' that means war in space. So it went on and on until one day the east states put their weapons in Cuba that was close to the united states. The president, John F Keneddy did not agree that the warsaw pact puts military weapons so close to the united states, and said that there would be the posibillity of a third world war if they don't take emediatily the weapons from Cuba.
That was only a little part from the cold war and there is a lot more to tell about it.
Nobody can say when the cold war ended exactly because it was never known as a real war. But with the peacefull protests in germany, the wall fall and the resolution of the soviet union, one could say that the cold war ended.
ESSAY
ReplyDeleteGuatemala acquired independence in 1821, the government that was installed was lead by the rich elitists whose government worked for interests of the elite and excluded the rest of the population. The worker and peasant classes were never given education and were thus illiterate, this illiteracy was an excuse for the elite to deny them the right to vote and make a change. In 1944, the “October Revolutionaries”, lead by Dr. Juan José Arévalo, took control of the government, and later in 1952 instituted Decree 900 which was an act of liberal economic reform which strengthened civil and labor rights of the working class and the peasants. The 1944-1954 period was known as the “Guatemalan Democratic Spring” in which great progress towards a modern and democratic Guatemala was made; Social Security, Free Education, Agrarian Reform, and other great steps towards the future were taken. But this period of growth was halted completely with the 1954 coup d’état, organized by the US government through the CIA and executed by Colonel Carlos Castillo Armas in order to halt the “Communist Revolt”. Then President Jacobo Árbenz was exiled to Mexico and the leader of the Coup, Colonel Castillo Armas then took power and absolutely halted the 10 years of progress that had been made. During the following six years, young military generals, the workers, and peasants began getting increasingly furious by the great inequalities, monopolies, denial of rights, poverty, and elitism; these were the causes for the Guatemalan Civil War.
Finally in November 13 of 1960 a group of young left wing generals revolted against the government led by Ydigoras Fuentes and ultimately failed. The survivors fled to the mountains and hills, and later in 1963 joined the PGT (Partido Guatemalteco de los Trabajadores or Guatemalan Labor Party in English) to form the FAR (Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes or Rebel Armed Forces in English), a Guerrilla.
The Guatemalan Civil War was a Civil War as the name implies, the reason is that it had two factions inside a same country fighting each other. It could be classified as a Political War, because the reason Guerrillas fought was to overthrow the dictatorial government and continue developing a Democratic Guatemala. This was one of the longer civil wars, lasting 36 years, 1 month, 2 weeks and 2 days. The Guatemalan Civil war was fought. During these 36 years, the government ordered violent attacks against civilians, journalists, students, street children, Mayan activists, rural workers, suspected guerrilla affiliates (usually entire villages, including women, elders and children), etc. During these 36 years, countless people who were suspected to be enemies of the government, frequently university students, “disappeared”; in reality they were abducted by government agents, tortured and murdered.
ReplyDeleteThis war was fought with Guerrilla Warfare, as the soldiers of the Rebels were armed civilians, workers, and anyone who had the courage to wield a weapon. They used no uniforms and used whatever weapons they could acquire. Their strategies were mainly focused on mobility, and “hit and run” strategies. The Rebels would commonly strike military convoys or encampments to drive them away, on other more radical occasions they would bomb the Palacio Nacional (Presidential Offices), killing several dozens of elite members in the process, alas including women and children passing around the elitist zone. The Guerrillas were usually outnumbered and frequently outgunned, with the government receiving tanks, rifles, cannons, heavy machine guns, and other weaponry from the United States Government. The United States Government also sent Green Berets to give Anti Guerrilla tactics training to the government’s military. In the end, the Guerrillas were in the losing side, sadly.
Conclusion of the war occurred in December 29 of 1996, when the Acuerdos de Paz (Peace Treaties) were signed, attempting to resolve the problems that lead to the conflict and end the war. The goals of these treaties have not been achieved. Until today, poverty, corruption, illiteracy, inequalities, racism, elitism, monopolies, exclusivity and other causes of the war still exist, making those 36 years of suffering, stopped progress and 200,000 innocent corpses… wasted years without change. I, the Guatemalan author, shed a tear for my beautiful country, a land that is stopped on the breakdown lane of progress expecting its car to repair itself.
SOURCES: http://marting.stormpages.com/guerragua.htm (spanish, sorry) by Martin G. from El Latinoamericano.
ReplyDeleteMy Mother and Grandmother's accounts.
Pardon the lenghtiness, I wrote very passionately and rather angrily about the topic.
The war that I picked was a preemptive war. According to www.dictanary.com a preemptive war happens “when one nation attacks a sovereign nation to stop that nation from engaging in activities that the attacking nation has decided are against its national interests.” Basically what is preemptive war is when a country takes action because they were threaten by another country. A preemptive war that I have over crossed was The 6 Day War. This was a preemptive war because Israel was threatened a lot of times. They didn't want to be threatened no more, so they took military action and started a war.
ReplyDeleteSome of the causes that cause The 6 Day War started on June 5, 1967- June 10, 1967. This war was between Syria, Jordan, and Egypt. This war started because Israel war receiving threats from the Arab nations. The commander of this war was General Moshe Dayan. He is Israeli’s defense minister. Israel got tired of all the threats against them, so they decided to fight back to stop all of the threats. When the Egyptians found out that Israel planning on fighting back they prepared themselves by closing off the Gulf of Aqaba. The plan that Israel came up with was to create a huge and successful military to strike back.
After the war, the results were the air forces of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria was all destroyed. Many of the Egyptian’s tanks got destroyed. The side who won the war was Israel. It was a big surprise to find out that Israel had won a war against many other nations. Another victory Israel got was they won them the Sinai, the Golan Heights, and the West Bank of the Jordan River. When they won the West Bank, it had over 600,000 Arabs. That bank was under the Israeli control.
In conclusion, the 6 Day War was a preemptive war just because of the fact that the Arab nations wanted to threaten Israel and Israel wasn't going to stand for that, so they fought back against all of the Arab nations. As a result they won the war and they captured many places.
Naomie Bourdeau
ReplyDeleteMs. Noce 202
IB World History II
September 15, 2013
Wars and Warfare Essay
The Haitian Revolution was a slave revolt in the French colony of saint-Domingue. This war took place between 1791-18-4; slaves rose up and had driven the whites out of saint-Domingue which was the colonial name of Haiti. This was a defensive war because Haiti was mainly was just trying to defend itself from slavery. They didn’t want to be invaded with unjustified rules and regulations. Toussaint L’ Ouvertune a former slave who learned how to read and write. In the uprising rose to become the leading general of the slave rebels. Toussaint faced incredible obstacles in creating a coherent resistance. In 1802, once Toussaint had consolidated his hold on power in main land France, Napoleon Bonaparte reestablished slavery and the slave trade in those colonies still under French control and denied political rights to free blacks. He sent a major expeditionary force to saint-Domingue (Haiti) to enforce his will. It captured Toussaint and sent him back to France where he died prison. Nevertheless the former slaves continued their revolt and in the 1804 they established the independent republic of Haiti. The French army limped home after losing thousands to disease and sporadic fighting. A slave rebellion had succeeded. The strategies varied. Like they used plenty of knives, swords, sharp objects, like for instance stones, wood, etc. They used cannon balls and plenty of fire to burn them down. Some methods were very painful; they cut off heads and legs, so that they would have more power in defeating them. Haiti gained there independence successfully. On January 1, 1804 Dessalines proclaimed he ruler of the new nation, which was called Haiti, a “higher place”.
Work citied
www.history.com, www.socialstudiesforkids.com, www.ushistory.org
William Reis
ReplyDeleteMs.Noce
IB World History II
September 15, 2013
Wars and Warfare
After doing researches, the war that i chose was "The Battle of Adwa" this is a colonial type war. Colonial war means to control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory or people. This battle included Italy and Africa that occurred in 1895. Italy were seeking to expand their territory in Africa and they were mainly targeting Ethiopia. Italy didn't really used a strategy, they basically invaded deep down at Ethiopia with 20,000 man led by General Oreste Baratieri But the Ethiopians stroked back with an army of 110,000 man. Even Though the Ethiopians outnumbered the Army of Italy led by Baratieri, the Ethiopians suffered with supplies and Italy took advantage and attacked the Ethiopians camp. That wasn't the only thing that happened to the Italians, the problems began to rise towards the Italians due to inaccurate maps and really bad terrain led by the troops this was very lost and unbalanced and the Italians never got to their right destination and often encountering Ethiopians mans on the way. After a big conflict with the Italians trying to reach the top of the hill of Kidane Meret or the whole Battle of Adwa over 5000 Italians killed, over 1000 man wounded and over 2000 man captured by the Ethiopians also on top of that the Italians also lots of equipment were lost or captured the Melenik's forces. Over 7000 Ethiopians were killed and 10,000 mans were also wounded. But after all the conflicts, Menelik elected not to drive the Italians out of Eritrea, preferring instead to limit his demands to the abrogation of the unfair 1889 Treaty of Wuchale, Article 17 of which had led to the conflict. As a result of the Battle of Adwa, the Italians entered into negotiations with Menelik which resulted in the Treaty of Addis Ababa. Ending the war, the treaty saw Italy recognize Ethiopia as an independent state and clarified the border with Eritrea.
Work Cited
http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/battleswars1800s/p/adwa.htm
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/colonialism
The Spanish Civil war, though largely unsuccessful, is an extremely interesting subject of study. It was a civil war because the majority of both sides were part of Spain and was driven by idealism and unrest during an unstable time. After the Spanish-American War, Spain was left ragged and thin. The people called for economic, social and land reform (i.e.; reform of land ownership rights) and rebellion was threatening. In response and fear of an all-out conflict, King Alfonso XIII declared his army commander, Miguel Primo de Rivera, the country’s dictator, who settled the revolt but was afterwards forced to retire. Alfonso returned as the head of power, but, within a year, there were again calls for reform, this time, specifically, for a Republican government. In 1931, the King finally gave and called for a parliamentary election. The Republicans won the election and so forced Alfonso into exile. The Republican government was originally popular but did not move quickly enough for the people and angered too much of the conservative parties. The Republican President mandated another election, which his government won, to much outrage expressed in riots and violent outbreaks. A coup d’état planned by the army’s generals, including Francisco Franco was led by the army against the Republican government, though largely unsuccessful, the coup stirred a bloody civil war between the two sides of the country, the Popular Front led by the Republicans fought direly against the mass of its various enemies.
ReplyDeleteThe Spanish Civil War was the first in which bombs were deliberately dropped on citizens, reflecting the bloody tenor of the war. The bombing of Guernica became a great influence on world culture, and influenced wars that proceeded it, including World War II. Much propaganda was used, especially on the part of the national side, though. There was a deal of international involvement, including the air forces of Germany and Italy, Russian tanks and the African Army. There were many points in the war at which it seemed a side was set to win but would then suffer a great loss. This wavering outcome served to both boost and crumple morale on both sides of the war.
In a way, the Spanish Civil War is comparable to the War on Iraq and the rebellion currently being staged in Syria. During the Spanish Civil War there were many foreigners fighting against the franquist (fascist) forces to support their idealistic views of freedom. These foreigners comprised mostly of members of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, largely young men like the great writers Ernest Hemmingway and George Orwell. Similarly, Al Qaeda’s involvement in the War on Iraq and the Syrian Rebellion is inspired by their ideal of the world being a caliphate, a form of government that is ruled by a caliph, an Islamic male religious leader. Although both groups have extremely different views and goals, both work as foreigners in wars to further their ideals, even if the side they fight for does not have the same reasons as they.
Though the Spanish Civil War introduced many immoral tactics and made varying degrees of success, it was an extremely interesting civil war caused by unrest at what was seen to be a relatively inactive government, ad which utilized some previously unconsidered tactics. Though to many Americans the Spanish Civil War was a failure in that it overthrew a republican government and replaced it with a fascist one—the opposite of some of the American ideals—it nevertheless was a monumental civil war and, along with many other world conflicts ought to be considered with a global view, not just the view of one’s hometown.
______
"The Spanish Civil War and the Abraham Lincoln Brigade." The Spanish Civil War and the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. Rich East High School, 23 Mar. 1998. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.
"Spanish Civil War." Spanish Civil War. History World International, n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.
"The Spanish Civil War." Spanish Wars. N.p., 2012. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.
Jack Roberts
Wars and warfare essay
ReplyDeleteThe Algerian war was a conflict between France and Algeria and it was an aggression type of war because the French wanted to take over by force and they attacked the Algerians simply to take over their land. The reason why they felt like they needed to take over was because the French government was weak economically, militarily, and politically. So they tried to be a stronger country by gaining more land. In 1954 there was a rebellion group called National Liberation Front (FLN) and they used guerilla warfare tactics by destroying government buildings, communicating centers, and military posts. The French government called in 400,000 thousand troops and the French soldiers were massacring villages. So the FLN used terrorism as a weapon against the French. In 1956 there was a second group called Armee de Liberation Nationale (ALN) and they used classic guerilla war tactics.
They employed ambush attacks, hit-run, and night-raids against the superior French force before blending back into the population. Their targets included colon farms, mines, and factories, as well as communication post, government buildings, military camps, police groups, and armed patrols. In return, the French targeted Muslims officials, later they began threatening and killing any civilians that did not support them. On March 19, 1962, the French government called a cease-fire. The agreement was called the Evian Accords, and it was approved by 91 percent of the French electorate in June, 1962.
Sources: The Guest Summary and Analysis
By Albert Camus
http://www.gradesaver.com/the-guest/study-guide/section3/
Mu Ying Yu
ReplyDeleteIB World History 11
Ms. Noce
American Revolution essay
The American Revolution War occurred between 1775 to 1783, it known as the Independence War. Because both America and British are struggle on the power and strategies to won the independence. In order for the war to victory colonist rebellion, important battles and leadership had to be met the order to strive. The key was rebellion because stating beliefs heard clearly; important battles display that the British are strong as a nation, also the leadership for guidance within the structure. Demanding freedom was the only resort and way out of dictatorship. Declaring Independence was a way for the people to speak out about their beliefs in being independent from a higher authority and to be free to establish their own rights.
The American Revolution was mainly caused by increased British taxes without any representation of the colonies, more British intervention in their daily lives, and economic reasons. In the Taxes pile, they had the Stamp Act, Sugar Act and the Townshend Duties. In British Intervention, the quartering soldiers were not allowed to expand across the Appalachian Mountains, and the writs of assistance. In economic, more taxes means less money, especially for the elites. They could only buy tea from British East India Tea Company. British were too controlling of the Colonists. They passed laws without their permission, forbid them to go to places, and ended up punishing Colonists, which lead to the start of the Revolutionary War.
The manner of the Revolution War was the guerilla warfare. This means soldiers fought the war without uniforms, engaged in ambush and hit-and-run tactics. The war took place in America; the American soldiers had an advantage because they knew their surroundings. They could hide behind bushes and shot people in coverage so the British solider would not know where the shoot came from. They would fight in the woods so they could hide easily and attack the soldiers from their back. If they fought man to man they would have lost because Britain had one of the best army.
The American Revolution had changed the country and became one of the most significant wars. This war demonstrated the strength and determination of our nation and be able to assertive our beliefs. This allowed the people to speak out about their beliefs freely and independently and also be able to express their free right to establish their own rights.
Work cited:
• http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution
• http://www.americanrevolutionarywar.net/
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ReplyDeleteGermairy Roman
ReplyDeleteMs.Noce
IB History 11
October 6, 2013
The Purpose of Waging War Edit
The American Revolution, which was also known as the American Revolutionary War and the U.S. War of Independence, took place in 1775 to 1783. The American Revolution was a Proxy War. A Proxy War is a war where a fight between states on behalf of other states. There was a full-blown argument between the colonial militiamen and British troops which then ignited the armed conflict known as the Battle of Lexington and Concord in 1775. The rebels (colonial militiamen) wanted to fight for their independence the following summer. I felt that the nature of the revolutionary war was violent of course but also unfair. The war originally started because the American colonies wanted their independence and were treated unfairly by the British colonies. The American residents suffered all kinds of unfairness from the British . Some of the things the Americans experienced were the Stamp Act of 1765, the Townshend Tariffs of 1767 and the Tea Act of 1773. These acts were created by the British governments to tax colonies in order to raise revenue. Another notable event that occurred was the Boston Massacre. The reason for the Boston Massacre was the colonies being resistant to turn to violence in 1770, and that encouraged the British to become forceful. British soldiers killed five men by opening fire on mob of colonists. All of these actions by the British made the American colonies want independence even more. The manner in which the war was fought also was unfair in my opinion. The British had the upper hand in the war. The British soldiers were far more experienced and trained than the Americans. The Americans winning seemed impossible because they didn’t have any military experience and couldn’t pay for an army. The Americans only had their local militia because they couldn't afford an army. The militiamen only possessed slight training and weapons, and they also didn’t acquire the usual uniforms. On the other hand, the British were better off than the Americans when it came to their armies, weapons and training. I found there to be many different strategies and tactics used in this war. For example, it can be said that the type of warfare displayed in the Revolutionary war was guerrilla warfare because the side of the Americans had an irregular amount of soldiers as opposed to the side of the British which would ensure that the Americans would take part in hit-and-run tactics and unpredicted strategies that would include ambushes. It can also be said that the Revolutionary war involved asymmetrical warfare. The reason for the involvement of asymmetrical warfare is because of how different the Americans are from the British. The American Revolution concluded in 1783 with the colonies winning their independence. France's involvement im the war helped the colonies aquire independence. Because of France's involvement im 1778, the American Revolution then became an international conflict. The British were then forced to surrender at Yorktown, Virginia in 1779 after the continental army got assistance from the French. The Colonists gained their independence in 1779, but the fighting didn’t originally end until 1783.
Works Cited
1. http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution
2. http://www.ushistory.org/us/11.asp
3. http://www.americanrevolutionarywar.net/